The Rohingyas crisis in Myanmar

Résumé du document

Myanmar is a country of Southeast Asia, bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. A little over 1,2 million Rohingyas are currently living in Rakhine State, which was attached to Myanmar in 1784, in the north-western part of the country. They mainly live in the three towns of Mondo, Buddy and Ladi Dang.
These Sunni Muslims live in a country where more than 90% of the 52 million inhabitants are Buddhists.
They are considered by the UN as "one of the most persecuted minorities in the world".

Extraits

[...] These Sunni Muslims live in a country where more than 90% of the 52 million inhabitants are Buddhists. They are considered by the UN as "one of the most persecuted minorities in the world". I. Why are the Rohingyas persecuted? It's mainly because of their allegiance in the past. Indeed, from 1824 to 1826, during the first war between the British Empire and Burma, the former name of Myanmar, the Rohingyas were soldiers in the British army and were considered as traitors by the Burmese separatists. [...]

[...] Like them, Rohingya are prevented from accessing basic human services and banned from government jobs, running for office, and voting. They are also unable to marry without government permission which is rarely granted, and limited in the number of children they can have, as in China few times ago. Worsening these difficult conditions is the Burmese government's restrictions on aid for the Rohingya. The United Nations does serve about 25,000 Rohingya who lives in official UN camps. But the large majority of Rohingya live in unofficial camps or ghettos where they didn't receive any help. [...]

[...] Following this amendment, Rohingyas are only authorized to register their status as a foreigner, which has deprived of their citizenship and has severely restricted their scope of action. In the 80s and 90s, more than 260,000 Rohingyas has been expelled or has flown the country because of the persecutions. II. The crisis of 2017 It may seem a lot, but the reality is that it's few in comparison of today: Since the political transition in Myanmar in 2011, tensions in the western part of Rakhine State have escalated. Between August and December 2017, more than 700,000 Rohingya fled Myanmar, after an army offensive. [...]

[...] Since the beginning of the conflict, she has spoken little, although at the UN General Assembly last year, she pledged herself to defend their rights. For her defence, Aung San Suu Kyi is, however, only Minister of Foreign Affairs, and has very little power over the army, which is still controlled by the military junta. The agreement, however, remains stalled, as the Rohingyas seek security and rights guarantees from the Burmese authorities. III. The Rohingya crisis and the International Law The treatment of the Rohingya people by the Burmese government intersects with international humanitarian law in a variety of places: 1. [...]

[...] How this crisis happened? It all starts in August 2017, when a Rohingya rebellion, conducted by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, a nationalist Rohingya organization, launches about thirty attacks against police stations in Rakhine State that kills thirteen policemen. The army responded with raids on Rohingya villages, portrayed as anti- terrorist operations, even if NGOs reported fire against civilians fleeing to Bangladesh. The army claims to have killed 400 rebels, but a large number of NGOs claim that the majority of the victims were civilians. [...]