Do U.S. policies towards Egypt and the Muslim Brothers' success affect the democratization process?

Résumé du document

9.11 attacks and the U.S. reaction to launch a war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq, aside with the perpetuating Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the U.S policies toward Egypt triggered an increased popularity of Islamists. In the context of the up coming Anti-terrorist law due to be presented to the People's assembly this month and the pending reform of electoral Law, Egypt might experience a drastic change in its governmental relation to Political Islam movement Muslim Brotherhood. Foreseen anti-terrorist law fostered by the U.S. after 9.11 to replace the controversial emergency law passed in 1981 is likely to ease crackdowns on Muslim brothers when in the meanwhile, last March constitutional amendments switching to a proportional electoral system, will reduce access to parliamentary seats for the movement. This paper aims at analyzing how the US policies and the US perception in Egypt catalyze a breed ground for the rise of political Islam and how it affects the democratization process and the relation between the government and the Muslim brotherhood.

Extraits

[...] Policies in Egypt ROGER Philippe, L'Antiaméricanisme , Revue Esprit, Paris, (Aug-sept 2004) (p. 176-194) [Translation in English: ROGER, Phillipe. The American Enemy: The History of French Anti-Americanism, University of Chicago Press, 2005] RUBIN Barry, Understanding anti-Americanism, Foreign Policy Research Institute, August 2004 EL OIFI Mohamed, L'Opinion publique arabe entre logiques étatiques et solidarités transnationales, in Raisons Politiques, Presses de Sciences-Po, Août- sept (p. 45-61) [ The Arab Public Opinion : between states logics and transnational solidarities] LESCH David The Middle East and the United States, third edition, Boulder Co Article from: BEININ Joel, STORK Joe (ed.) Political islam, essays from Middle East report, London YAZBECK HADDAD Yvonne, Islamist perception of U.S. [...]

[...] policies toward Egypt and the Middle East region is a key issue in the shaping of the Arab world mind. Egypt does not seem to be different in that extend from any neighbouring country. But Egypt relation to the U.S. is special because Egypt was the first Arabic country to sign a peace agreement with Israel and thus receives the highest economic U.S Aid in the world -over 50 billion USD since Camp David-. The Majority of the population maintains ambiguous relation with Israel and the U.S: they assert their hate of Jews, Israelis and Americans but benefit from the Peace treaty by high U.S. [...]

[...] Source: US department of State, fiscal year 2007, www. [...]

[...] How US policies and anti-Americanism[2] -defined as a speech denouncing or ridiculing the American culture, politics and economy- attract a large segment of the Egyptian population to involve in the political and democratic process? What are the blocking and failure elements of the Muslim Brotherhood to fully integrate in a democratic pluralist system? US policies and anti-Americanism in Egypt trigger a breed ground for the rise of Islamists, but immaturity of the Muslim brotherhood on many aspects fails to address Egypt core issues and need to be reconsidered to be able to curb the democratisation process. US policies and anti-Americanism in Egypt trigger a breed ground for the rise of Islamists U.S. [...]

[...] The Guidance Bureau did not change for twelve years and the announcement of the publication for an electoral program this month even raises the threat. Integrating the political realm is conditioned by the willingness of the government to let it happen. For the Shura election last June leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood have been arrested in Nile Delta, preventing them to compete for the running term. Moreover the core issue is to prove that the party is committed to democracy and that will be possible if the movement separates clearly the political and religious identity. [...]