Water and food are commonly accepted as the basic needs of life. Housing, by providing us a shelter, is also necessary so that you survive. Therefore it is also a fundamental need. However, every house should not only be a shelter, but also a real home. What makes a house a home is a complex combination of factors. Sociologists usually agree to define a home as "an index of social status, an arena of intimate relationships, a refuge, a container of possessions and icons, and even the carrier of one's self image" . It is a place that provides "a sense of security, autonomy, privacy, belonging, personal identity, choice, expression, achievement and pride" .These perceptions are present or not depending on "the way in which the house is designed and used and relationships with neighbors and community" .
[...] However, after a while, the Government has realized that this policy had a huge cost for the State, and decided to reduce the amount of this financial support. In 1983, the cost for the State was 4670 millions of pounds. Fifteen years later, it was only 2700 millions[21]. The balance of housing subsidies for the three main tenures has been progressively redistributed. Nowadays, assistance with housing costs mainly concerns people who rent their houses. Means tested assistance has increased a lot for private tenants, as well as Housing Benefit, an allowance which concerns mostly local authority tenants[22]. [...]
[...] As we have discovered that, unlike all preconceptions, owner occupation is the most common tenure for people living in poverty, it is easy to guess that, if Pakistanis are mostly concentrated in houses that they own, it is not because they constitute a wealthy community, but on the contrary because they are the poorest one. Their houses are situated in the most deprived areas, with a concentration of people from ethnic minority backgrounds. They often suffer from not sufficient heating and can be overcrowded, and simply not decent. Policies implemented by the State have not solved this problem at all. [...]
[...] There are still streets that concentrate many people out of work. The housing market tends to group the most disadvantaged people together. Currently, five per cent of people still live in overcrowded and non decent conditions[7]. Most of these people who live in poor housing are part of ethnic minorities. Research demonstrates that over a half of African-Caribbean and Africans live in deprived areas[8]. Only one in twenty live in an area of low unemployment compared with one in five of white people[9]. [...]
[...] Conway (2000) Housing policy, The Gildredge Press P. Kennett and P. Lee (1998), in Housing and public policy, Philadelphia, Marsh and Mullins Labour Housing group (1984), Right to a home, Spokesman Websites www.lemonde.fr http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/housing/113.asp http://www.hbosplc.com/media/pressreleases/articles/halifax/2000/Feb/MIRASBa ckgroundBriefingdocument.doc http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/249.asp http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/foundations/110.asp http://www.poverty.org.uk/summary/key_facts.htm http://www.renewal.net/Documents/RNET/Research/Housingblackminority.pdf A. Ravetz ( 1995) The place of Home: English domestic environments, page London, E and FN Spon J. Conway (2000) Housing policy, chapter page 86, The Gildredge Press Ibid, page 86 Peter Lee (1998), Housing policy, citizenship and social exclusion, in Housing and public policy, page 66, Philadelphia, Marsh and Mullins Source: http://www.poverty.org.uk/summary/key_facts.htm Idem Idem Source: http://www.renewal.net/Documents/RNET/Research/Housingblackminority.pdf Source: http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/foundations/110.asp P. [...]
[...] To tackle efficiently their exclusion, Government should first really take into account that owner occupation is often linked with poverty and implement some specific benefits. Moreover, we can say that it should also try to facilitate the access of Pakistanis to social rented housing, by creating some public houses adapted to their special needs large houses able to welcome large multi generational families and implementing a better control of racial discrimination in administrative processes leading to the allocation of these houses. [...]
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