China, India, and their respective Diasporas

Résumé du document

The last few decades has seen the explosion in international flows like monetary flows, flows of goods, human flows. This is part of a wide movement that has kept on increasing since the end of World War II, and one that has later been called globalization. In this phenomenon, two new major actors have entered the game, China and India, representing nearly half the global population. Once great civilizations, they have spread around the world, as merchants or as slaves, sowing the seeds of diasporas, that is the seeds of people who, although far away, keep vivid memory of ancestors. And this memory is all the more vivid as China and India are two gigantic cultures. We will try to find out what impacts these two diasporas have had on the regions they have penetrated, on themselves, and eventually if it could have an impact on the very homelands.

Extraits

[...] The National Register Indians abroad was drawn up which totalled 16,000, of this were scientists. This kind of effort at the institutional level has not been taken in proper spirit. Rather most of these are on paper now. Foreign Direct Investments China with 10% of growth rate offers great opportunity for the Huaqiao who find great conditions to invest back to their original country. Thus, Singapore, whose population is at 75 per cent Chinese, invests 77 per cent of FDI of the ASEAN. [...]

[...] And this memory is all the more vivid as China and India are two gigantic cultures. We will try to find out which impacts these two Diasporas have had on the regions they have penetrated, on themselves, and eventually if it could have an impact on the very homelands. A little bit of History: origins and forms of diasporas For both India and China, the diasporic phenomenon is an old subject. Along History it took several forms: free migration, slavery or indenture ship From India Back to the Middle-Age India knows an important commercial diaspora: it is one of the greatest merchant diaspora of the early modern era. [...]

[...] If one has to compare China and India in their use of their respective Diasporas, one has to conclude that China is better organised than its Indian counterpart. Conclusion In this report we have tried to understand China and India, the two major actors of the twenty-first century, through the scope of their respective diasporas. We have to come up with the conclusion that it is eventually a good insight at their national particularisms. True, tackling such a wide subject is not easy, for there are as many Chinese and Indian immigration as there are welcoming countries, and the destinies of those coolies have been really different, whether the countries were multicultural or not, whether they were developing or developed. [...]

[...] In China As for China, Overseas Chinese are people of Chinese birth or descent who live outside China (China in this usage refers to PRC, Hong-Kong, Taiwan and Macau, that is Greater China). The PRC government officially designates the two following groups of Overseas Chinese: Huaqiao, born in Greater China who resides overseas but possesses Chinese citizenship and a Chinese passport. Huayi, of Chinese ancestry born outside Greater China, and who is a citizen of a foreign country. The Overseas Chinese population across the world is estimated at over 39 million: 31 million in Asia million in Americas million in Europe. [...]

[...] Origins The first wave of emigration from China to the West Indies goes actually back to 1806 in Trinidad, when 192 Chinese arrived. The goal was then to take advantage of the qualities observers did not hesitate to describe as sober, industrious and orderly people, and the goal was already to settle some link between Asia and South America. But the 192 who arrived later decided to leave. From the 1850s on did the big wave of emigration to Americas and Australia happen. These migration needs to be split up in distinction between an indentured migration and free-willing migrations. [...]