Les partis écologistes

Résumé du document

C'est avec le début des années 1970 que les premiers mouvements écologistes émergent sur la scène politique mondiale. Plusieurs années sont nécessaires à leur structuration en partis politiques dits « verts » ; phénomène que Guillaume Sainteny qualifie de « l'un des phénomènes politiques majeurs de cette fin de siècle » .
Notre exposé consistera ainsi à sous-peser cette phrase de Guillaume Sainteny et à répondre à la problématique suivante : La création des partis écologistes correspond-elle à l'émergence d'une réelle nouvelle idéologie politique, quelle est sa place et sa résonance sur l'échiquier politique ?
Pour ce faire, il est important de présenter dans un premier temps un historique et un catalogue descriptif des partis écologiques, de leur histoire, de leurs acteurs, de leurs idées et de leurs scores électoraux afin d'essayer de comprendre dans un second temps leur émergence, leur idéologie ainsi que leur position sur l'échiquier politique grâce à une analyse critique de chacun de ses points.

Extraits

[...] Tense relations with Israel and links with Hezbollah. Iran's involvement in Iraq: a source of tension with the rest of the Middle-East and the US-led coalition THIRD PART- Iranian nuclear policy: a threat for the non-proliferation era and for international security. The nuclear non-proliferation issue UN condemnations of Iran and internal divisions prove to be inefficient to stop the Iranian nuclear programme Conclusion Introduction The Iranian regime appears to be one of the main present sources of threat for the international order and security. [...]

[...] Iranian leaders' declarations seem to corroborate such suspicions. Indeed, Khamene'I said that is quite clear that the US and GB will ultimately be forced to pull out of Iraq with a bitter experience” (“Iraqi President Meet with the Leader”, n. d., para 2005). Iran is thus endorsing a revisionist role in the Middle-East that can't be separated with its confrontation with the international community on its nuclear programme. Third part- Iranian nuclear policy: a threat for the non-proliferation era and for international security The Iranian nuclear programme can't be analyzed separately from what has been said previously. [...]

[...] Iran appears to be a new challenge for the non- proliferation era and could contribute to its definitive end. Indeed, the furthering of Iran's nuclear ambitions would have a “domino effect” on the other countries of the region that until today don't have nuclear capabilities, as Saudi Arabia and Turkey. The “Iranian nuclear case” is thus extremely important and will test the Idealist and Realist assumptions and theories. The signature of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1968 that gathers today 187 countries (among them Iran), and its relative success, appears to be in contradiction with Realist assumptions. [...]

[...] Iran's radical present policy on the nuclear issue also experiences internal oppositions from moderate Islamists. Some Iranian officials indeed consider this policy of confrontation to be a main source of threat for the regime, as Larijani. This deputy said “protecting the state is more important everything else” (Ganji p. which means that the main priority is not to pursue the nuclear programme but to avoid an armed conflict. This way of thinking could be articulated with one of Morgenthau's principles which is that every states' objectives are secondary compared with survival. [...]

[...] (1999). Encyclopaedia of conflicts since WW2 (Volume 2). London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. Ganji, B. (2006). A Shi'I Enclave, Iranian Policy towards Iraq. Middle-East Series. Conflict Studies Research Centre, Defense Academy of the UK. Camberley England, 06/09, 1-24. Hibbs, M. [...]