The conflict between the Sunni Islam and the Shiite Islam in Middle-east

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The conflict between the Sunni Islam and the Shiite Islam in Middle-east - essay

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[...] Sujet : The conflict between the Sunni Islam and the Shiite Islam in Middle-east Introduction The history of rivalries within the Islamic community or Ummah and its political translations can be seen as an illuminating reading to better understand the current situation in this "complicated East", to use the terminology of Antoine Sfeir in his book of the same name. However, as pointed out by the Lebanese historian Georges Corm in 2013 "everything in the Middle East is now analyzed in terms of Sunnis against Shiites [ . [...]

[...] At the same time, the situation in Iraq has rotten in a similar way, with an authoritarian Shiite regime and a Sunni-Shiite clash within Iraqi society. However, it took some time for Iran itself to intervene militarily in the region, and only when Damascus troops began to chain some military victories did Tehran bring full support to Bashar al-Assad, considering, at the beginning of the conflict, that too much involvement could be costly to pay in the event of the disappearance of Syrian Ba'athism. [...]

[...] The Iraqi branch of Al-Qaeda is developing a specifically anti-Shiite jihad, and forms, with the reinforcement of former cadres of the regime of Saddam Hussein, the matrix of the current organization Islamic State (ISIS). It is now enjoying the resentment of the Sunni populations in Iraq against the government dominated by Shiite parties, and under Iranian influence. ISIS has also carried out terrorist attacks against Shiite communities far from its front lines in Iraq and Syria, as far as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen and Lebanon. In 2011, in the wake of the "Arab Spring", Syria switches to civil war. [...]

[...] Its main branch ("duodecimaine") is characterized by the worship of twelve imams and the expectation of the return of the last of them, al-Mahdi, "hidden" in 874 in the eyes of men but still alive, which must reappear in the end of time. In his absence, the clergy are invested with a particular authority: it allows a mediation of the divine authority. Shiite clerics are structured in a true clerical hierarchy, unlike Sunni theologians, the ulema. Thus, in the light of our early developments, it is therefore necessary to ask the following question: To what extent has the conflict between Sunnis and Shiites been expressed in the Middle East? [...]

[...] Conflict in the Middle East The divisions between Sunnis and Shiites fluctuate throughout history, according to political struggles. In the sixteenth century, the Safavid dynasty, which imposes Shiism in Iran, fights against Ottoman Turkey, even if religion only partly explains their dispute. A. The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), and the Confessionalization of Conflicts in the Contemporary Middle East In the chaos of the Middle East at the turn of the 1980s, the Iran-Iraq war, which lasts eight years and costs the lives of a million people, emerges as the matrix event that redefines the balance of power in the long term region. [...]