States', International Organizations' and International nongovernmental Organizations' interactions in Global Politics

Résumé du document

Until the 1960s, the dominant approach in international relations was the realist approach, focusing on the centrality of the unitary states in global politics. In contrast to the classical state-centric approach to international relations theory, this approach develops a framework of global politics that helps account for the presence of international nongovernmental organizations, particularly the transnational social movements. In fact, the last few decades of the twentieth century were marked by the expansion of an organizational infrastructure for transnational social change activism. This growth appears to mirror that of other forms of transnational association, and may both support and respond to expansions in the numbers and intensity of intergovernmental organizations. That is why it is important to think about global politics in other terms, including the classical intergovernmental relations and interactions, but also the international relations and interactions, the transnational relations and interactions between nongovernmental actors and governmental actors, and something new with the transnational relations and interaction between nongovernmental actors.

Extraits

[...] Smith Chatfield C and Pagnucco R Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics: solidarity beyond the State. New York. Articles Abrahamson, E and Rosenkopf L. May-June 1997. Social Network Effects on the Extent of Innovation Diffusion: A Computer Simulation. Organization Science No pp. 289-309 Bowers, J. July 1985. Network Analysis on a Micro. The Journal of the Operational Research Society No pp. 609- 611 Holland, C and Lockett G. September-October 1997. [...]

[...] But on the other hand, at the same time, delegations from several countries protest in Brussels in order to put pressure on the Commission. In this case, the effects are double because they aim the national and the supranational level to defend their claims. The relations can be described with the following scheme: TSMO IO1 IO2 SM G1 G2 The second set of actors which is important to take into account in this part is the lobbies. In fact, the interest groups are a relevant factor since the last decades in the final outcomes of any international negotiation[16]. [...]

[...] International organizations can be considered as “peripheral to world politics[11]”. Its potential role in political process is greatly increased. The rules, norms, practices and values at the domestic level could change as a response to the pressures and constraints the international organizations put on the states. Governments must organize themselves to cope with the flow of business and politics generated by international organizations. The process of policy-making is also not independent, being largely influence by the international rules. Putman (1988) argued that domestic politics and international relations are somehow entangled. [...]

[...] It is only on the first point that this paper will be based, studying the interdependence in global politics. Developments of the approach On the same logic, functional theorists, including Mitrany[3] and Taylor[4] have developed an understanding of international political processes that subordinates states' predominant role to more complex interactive processes evolving from task-specific international cooperative efforts. Scholars like E. Haas[5] avoided the normative emphases of earlier functionalists, focusing primarily on the organizational dynamics of IGOs and their impacts on states' perceptions and policy choices. [...]

[...] Riker, and K. Sikkink. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Smith, Jackie Globalizing Resistance: The Battle of Seattle and the Future of Social Movements. Pp. 183-199 in Globalization and Resistance: Transnational Dimensions of Social Movements, edited by J. Smith and H. Johnston. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Haas emphasized the impact of interest groups on the process of European integration for instance. [...]