"Why has the common foreign and security policy been so much more difficult to organise than economic cooperation?"

Résumé du document

One of the most important discussions in the modern-day European Union concerns the lack of effectiveness of common foreign and security policy. As the Union moves towards integration, creating such a policy has become one of its most pressing concerns. I shall consider this question in detail in this paper by considering the following question: "Why has common foreign and security policy been so much more difficult to organise than economic cooperation?" To answer to this question, it is important to carry out a comparative political analysis of the foreign and security area on the one hand, and the economic area on the other.
However, "Foreign and security policy" and "Economic cooperation" must first be discussed in more detail.
The main questions are: - Have foreign and security policy and policy regarding economic cooperation been a priority for the European Union? Has there been consensus among different European states about foreign and security policy and economic cooperation? - Has there been any alteration of foreign security policy and economic cooperation policy when applied to non-European states or foreign organizations? - Has foreign and security policy and economic cooperation policy been directed by particular political figures? - Have foreign and security policy and economic cooperation policy been well conducted?

Extraits

[...] - White, Brian Understanding European foreign policy. London: Macmillan. Websites - Deverson, Tony “Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development” Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press Manchester University. http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t186 .e37741 - Howarth, David "Schengen area" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Manchester University. http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Ma in&entry=t86.e1205. Deverson, Tony “Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development” Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press Manchester University. [...]

[...] What does “common foreign and security policy” mean? I take this phrase to cover all questions related to the security of the European Union, including the eventual framing of a common defence policy, intended to bring about a single system of defence for the entire Union (Brian, White 2001, 143). Roper defines security policy as organization of the activities of the armed forces of the member states in common” which imposes considerable restrictions on the national defence policies of individual member states (Brian, White 2001, 144). [...]

[...] http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t186.e Howarth, David "Schengen area" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Manchester University. http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main& entry=t86.e1205. [...]

[...] Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. - Duff, Andrew et al Maastricht and Beyond: Building the European Union. London: Routledge. - Georges, Stephen and Bache, Ian Politics in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press. - Green Cowles, Maria and Dinan, Desmond Developments in the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. - McCormick, John Understanding the European Union: A concise introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. - Nuttall, Simon J European foreign policy. Oxford : Oxford University Press. [...]

[...] Lack of consensus over foreign and security policy arises mainly from the desire of the UK and other member states that such policy should be under NATO's control and the United States' influence (Maria, Green Cowles and Desmond, Dinan 2004, 225-30). Other countries, particularly France and Belgium, are just as firmly opposed to the idea of EU foreign and security policy being tied in this way (Stephen, George and Ian, Bache 2001, (523-5). d. Have foreign and security policy and economic cooperation policy been shaped by particular politicians? [...]