Is multilateralism still viable today ?

Annabelle C.

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Is multilateralism still viable today ?

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After WWII, various multilateral organizations have been promoted by the US and implemented through many international organizations such as the UN, the GATT and the IMF. Overtime, multilateral co-operation dramatically developed in different forms (Summits, Conferences, etc...). However, critics of international organizations point to the unilateral tendency of American foreign policy. Therefore the pertinent question has to be asked: Are international relations today governed by multilateralism? However, it must be asserted that if multilateralism undergoes a crisis today, unilateralism is nevertheless not viable in a global world...

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Il ne faut pas privilégier la prévention au détriment de la précaution car le principe de précaution permet de prévenir des risques potentiels aux conséquences graves qui ne seraient pas pris en compte par la méthode classique de prévention
1. La nécessité d'une prise en compte de nouveaux risques en raison de notre responsabilité vis-à-vis des générations futures (Hans Jonas)
2. La précaution comme souci de se prémunir contre des risques irréversibles mais incertains : un complément nécessaire à la prévention
Néanmoins, un équilibre entre prévention et précaution doit être trouvé à partir d'une approche du principe de précaution comme principe politique d'action raisonné et d'un approfondissement de la prévention des risques avérés
1. La démarche de précaution : L'application « raisonnée » d'un principe politique d'action et la définition délicate du « risque acceptable »
2. Promouvoir les efforts de prévention et privilégier cette méthode pour certains domaines d'activités

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Extraits

[...] : Le cas de l'OMC, in : Critique internationale (Paris), January p 63-77 Moreau Defarges, Philippe, Unilatéralisme, Multilatéralisme, in : Défense nationale, March 2003, p 140-146. Nye, Joseph, Seven tests : between concert and unilateralism, in : National Interest, 2001-2002 Winter, p5-13. Ikenberry, G. John, Les Etats-Unis et le multilatéralisme, in : Questions internationales, Adam, Bernard ; Paihle, Caroline, Multilatéralisme et coopération internationale, in : La revue nouvelle, May 2004, p44 49. Rogalski, Michel, L'unilatéralisme n'a pas sa place dans un monde multipolaire, in : Recherches internationales, February 2004. [...]

[...] It assumes that the American power is unlimited and that it is the only one able to guarantee worldwide peace. Since the election of the Bush administration, unilateral action have multiplied at the same time affirming the fact that it will not to submit itself to multilateral rules. This unilateralism shows clearly the American mistrust of the international community, and its supposed inability to guarantee the security of the US. In this perspective, the US needs to keep a free hand in order to exercise responsibilities”. [...]

[...] Bilateralism can be more profitable for the US in the commercial field. Example: 39 bilateral agreements on intellectual property rights (IPR) These agreements concluded by the US with developing countries allow the US to bypass multilateral negotiations currently held at the WTO. Based on a coercive strategy, the US government is shaping a web of bilateral IRP agreements wider than the TRIPS agreements created by the WTO. Jean- Frédéric Morin demonstrates in his paper that bilateralism is more profitable for the US than the previous multilateral agreements, because the bilateral way offers 2 advantages for the US: they attract less media attention and they seem to be more legitimate because they stem from the free will of both sides. [...]

[...] The limits of the WTO as a multilateral institution (F. Petiteville) The WTO doesn't totally fulfill the conditions of an optimal vision of multilateralism for 3 reasons: First, the principle of equality between states is less of a reality in practice. Second, it is an organization that consolidates intergovernmental agreements. Finally, the unpredictability of the negotiations were highlight in the failures of negotiations in Seattle or Cancun. b. The international organization, instruments that serve powerful states? Power of the Council of Security in the UN The Council of Security in the UN is ruled by only 5 countries but holds alone the power, the Assembly can only make recommendations. [...]

[...] Is multilateralism still viable today ? With the American intervention in Iraq, which was decided without the approval of the UN, and against the majority of world public opinion; the rules of multilateralism have been broken. Security through diplomatic negotiations or sanctions has been substituted for “preventive” war, as decided by mainly one country. The re-election of George W. Bush has reinforced the debate about the future of multilateralism: Is multilateralism still viable today? Multilateralism consists of states abiding by a collective elaboration of rules which shape their relations and conduct of their policies. [...]

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