The Kashmir conflict

Résumé du document

When we speak about Kashmir, we think at first of this multitude of conflicts which concerns the history of this country. This territory situated in South Asia is a junction point of India, Pakistan and China. It always generated enormous desire. Without dwell upon the long lineage of dynasties which alternately take possession of the territory, we can give for example one of the last belonging of the Kashmir. Up to 1846, Kashmir belonged to the Sikh Empire, but they were beaten by the English, who sold this territory to Gulab Singh de Jammu. The sale of Kashmir by the English people was made for the 7.5 million rupee, made official in the "Treaty of Amritsar" which clarifies the statute of principality independent of this territory. Gulab Singh proclaimed himself as Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. It followed a policy of repression which wanted to impose the Hinduism whereas 94% of the population is Muslims.

Extraits

[...] With the Kashmir conflict, the international community worries to see both countries reaching the nuclear weapon. This force demonstration between both countries will stay a threat whereas the nuclear war was possible several times in 1999 and 2002. During the Amalty summit on June 2002, India and Pakistan assert officially that they pledge not to use the nuclear force to sort out their dispute in the Kashmir A new strategy created by terrorism After the attempts of September 11th and the hunting led by the USA against the terrorism, the Kashmir is going to take on a new aspect, obliging both protagonists to change their speech and politics. [...]

[...] Indeed, we can underline the influence of the Cold war on the Kashmir conflict. During the intensification of the Cold war, Nehru, the Indian Prime Minister, proposes a policy of neutrality vis-à-vis to the two blocks. Originally favourable to the west, India will affirm itself and turn to the Soviet block. In the year 1953, American sells weapons to the Pakistan. In response, India becomes allied in the USSR. China attacks India with the aim of humiliate the ally of the USSR but also solving border problems resulting from the British colonization. [...]

[...] It is a question of reuniting the Kashmir with one of both states. This conflict will end in a resolution of the UN Security Council, on April 21st 1948. This resolution contains two requirements: India has to let the population choose between both countries, while Pakistan has for obligation to withdraw from this zone. Finally none of these requirements will be filled. Further to this attempt of resolution of the conflict, the Security Council of United Nations decides on the 1st 1949 to apply the cease-fire. [...]

[...] None functioned. The obstacles for the peace remain important on both sides of the border. If it is possible to consider a peace process being able to solve or to decrease their disputes, total peace seems however quite improbable. Bibliography - Dossier Ni Indien, ni Pakistanais Courrier International, 606, du 13 au 19 juin 2002. - Syed Saleem Shahzad, Diplomatie de l'ombre au Cachemire Courrier International 696, du 4 au 10 mars 2004. - Vers la désescalade Courrier International janvier 2002. [...]

[...] The ground of stakes between regional powers A. A war fratricide The question of the political identity of India and Pakistan The independence of India towards the British authorities is made in 1947. However, within the country, the unity is threatened by the identical and independent claims of the Moslem League. This Moslem League created by Ali Jinnah in 1906, is rival of the Indian power which is embodied by the Congress. The Congress claims to represent the whole country but this is not the point of view of the Moslems. [...]