China & Japan

Emmanuelle S.

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China & Japan

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Lecture
Résumé
Sommaire
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Sino-Japanese relationships are very complex. Historically, both countries have known a kind of "Golden Age" when they dominated the Pacific region. Before the arrival of the Europeans, China was dominant. Then Japan modernized a lot during the Meiji Era (1868) and became superior. Even its defeat in the Second World War (1945) did not strike a blow to its leadership in the East Asian region. Nowadays, with the so-called "Rise of China", both countries clearly show aspirations for influence. So, the historic relation between China and Japan is made of competition and sometimes hostility. Yet, during the past few years, there have been a growing number of contacts between these two states at many levels: the economic ties are stronger and socially, the peoples seem to have got closer. But unexpectedly, these new links have not led to a significant improvement of the Sino-Japanese relationship. We can even wonder if the situation is not now worst than during the Cold War because China and Japan do not have a common enemy anymore; the Soviet Union and later the whole communist bloc vanished and it triggered off a necessary redefinition of international strategies for Japan and China.

Sommaire

Introduction.
A Sino Japanese relation characterized by diplomatic and political tensions.
1. Two states haunted by their common past.
2. The importance of public opinions.
3. The Diaoyu dao and Sengaku islands issue.
An ambiguous economic relationship.
1. Two complementary and inter-dependent economies.
2. Disputes about the ODA (overseas development assistance).
3. Improve or or worsen the relationship?
A lot of concerns in the military field.
1. Chinese vigilance toward the ghost of Japanese militarism.
2. Us-Japan alliance and the TMD (theatre missile defence).
3. What could most lead to a conflict: Taiwan.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.

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Extraits

[...] The “Rise of China” makes this assistance unnecessary. What is more, Japan fears that China could use this money to develop its military. In 1995, Japan suspended the ODA after many nuclear tests in China; it is a diplomatic instrument. In 2004, Japan sent a delegation in China and this delegation concluded that China is now rich enough to be on its own: ‘Many Japanese argue that Japan should not provide large amounts of economic aid to China while the Chinese continue to modernise their military, the Chinese economy threatens to overtake Japan's, and Chinese leaders stoke anti-Japanese feeling among the Chinese public.'[15]. [...]

[...] Institute of Political Science of Lille video: In the name of the Emperor, the Nanjing Massacre. Challenges for China Japan Cooperation. Kokubun RYPSEI China and Japan, History, Trends, and Prospects. Christopher HOWE. Clarendon Press Sino-Japanese Relations, Interaction, Logic, and Transformation. Ming WAN. Woodrow Wison Center Press Michael Yahuda, Limits of Economic Interdependence”, in chapter 6 of Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert S.Ross, eds., New Directions in the Study of China's Foreign Policy Denny ROY, sources and Limits of Sino-Japanese Tensions”, Survival HOWE, Christopher. [...]

[...] What could most lead to a conflict: Taiwan From 1895 to 1945, Taiwan used to be a Japanese colony. That is why Taiwan and Japan have a lot in common. Their political systems are very close: both are democracies. And they also share similar cultures. Even geographically, Taiwan is closer from Japan. As a result, Japan has friendly feelings toward Taiwan. And this triggers off the suspicion of China: it does not know what would be the Japanese reaction in the case of a conflict between Taiwan and China. [...]

[...] But China stays very vigilant toward Japan's behaviour. Indeed, Japan is not a nuclear power, contrary to a lot of Chinese neighbours like Pakistan, India and China itself. But Japan could become a nuclear power in a few hours. They have plutonium, uranium and the necessary technology so they could easily obtain the nuclear weapon. They would be able to produce 2000 to 4000 atomic bombs. They said it openly in 2002 and of course, it is a nightmare for China. [...]

[...] China has the natural and human resources that Japan lacks. And Japan has the technology, even if China is tending to improve its own technology. Together, they can build a very competitive economy. For Japan, China appears as a huge market of customers with more and more outcomes. And China declared that ‘Japan's help and cooperation are indispensable for Chinese growth and development'[11]. By the way, Japan refused to practise a policy of containment toward China: ‘China is now Japan's second largest trading partner after the United States and Japan is China's leading trade partner'. [...]

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