Afghanistan: Threats and opportunities for the Transatlantic relation

Henri M.

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Afghanistan: Threats and opportunities for the Transatlantic relation

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Afghanistan represents undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges for the Western democracies. The reversal of the Taliban by the international coalition led by the United States after the 9/11 terrorist attacks was seen as a symbol of hope. This war was considered as legitimate, because of the atrocities committed by the fundamentalists (violations of human rights and treatment of women), their protection of Al-Qaeda leaders, the unanimous consent of the international community and the approval of the Security Council ("Recognizing the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense in accordance with the Charter"). The "rebuilding" of this country which had faced years of civil wars (jihad against the communist regime of Nazibullah supported by the Soviet Union in the 1980s, and civil war in the 1990s until 2001, especially between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance in 1994-2001). Five years after the fall of the Taliban, Afghanistan remains a subject of great concern for the Americans and the Europeans.

Sommaire

Introduction.
Afghanistan, 5 years after: Some achievements and great disappointments.
1. Post-war governance: Installing democracy in Afghanistan.
2. The failed development of Afghanistan.
3. The resurgence of the insurgency and the Taliban.
4. The narcotics issue: The synthesis of the problems of Afghanistan.
Improving transatlantic co-operation for the rebuilding of Afghanistan.
1. Variety and conflicts of strategies between the allies.
2. An agreement on the need for better security.
3. The difficult economic issue.
4. Counter narcotics as a symbol of the change of strategy?
Conclusion.
Bibliography.

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Extraits

[...] Paul Gallis, CRS Report for Congress NATO in Afghanistan: A Test of the Transatlantic Alliance, RL33627, (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, January 3rd, 2007), p.3-4. Gallis, CRS Report for Congress NATO in Afghanistan, p.5. Rubin, Afghanistan Uncertain Transition from Turmoil to Normalcy, p.4. Andrew Feickert, CRS Report for Congress US and Coalition Military Operations in Afghanistan: Issues for Congress, RL33503, (Washington DC: Congressional Research Service, March 27th 2007), p.3. Judy Dempsey, “NATO Chief urges overhaul of Afghanistan effort,” The International Herald Tribune, November 5th 2006. [...]

[...] * Thomas, Helen, “Once Opposed, Bush Begins Nation Building,” ABC - The Boston Channel, available at: http://www.thebostonchannel.com/helenthomas/2117601/detail.html (Internet, access on April 29th 2007). * “NATO pushes to improve Afghan army as season of warfare heats up and casualties climb,” The International Herald Tribune, (Paris, April 25th 2007). * “More UK Soldiers for Afghanistan,” BBC News South Asia, February 23rd 2007, online, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6388717.stm/, access on May 1st 2007. Speeches, Interviews and Briefings * Blank, Jonah, Personal Interview, Chief Policy Advisor for South and Central Asia in the Democratic Staff of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, May 1st 2007. [...]

[...] * Norton-Taylor, Richard, “Full Interview: General David Richards, NATO Commander in Afghanistan”, The Guardian, January 22nd 2007. * UN Security Council, S/Res/1368 (2001), (New-York: United Nations, September 12th 2001). UN Security Council, S/Res/1368 (2001), (New-York: United Nations, September 12th 2001). Undersecretary of State Nicholas Burns, Challenges and Opportunities Facing the Transatlantic Community, Speech at Center for European Policy Studies, Brussels (Belgium), March 26th 2007. Helen Thomas, “Once Opposed, Bush Begins Nation Building,” ABC - The Boston Channel, (online) available at http://www.thebostonchannel.com/helenthomas/2117601/detail.html (Internet, accessed on April 29th 2007). [...]

[...] The power of warlords and the corruption of numerous officials remain a subject of great concern for the stabilization of the country.[4] B. The failed development of Afghanistan One of the major issues now is the economic situation of the country. It is undeniable that Afghanistan does not have a favorable geography: high mountains, desert, inclement climate, landlocked territory. The allies made great promises just after the fall of the Taliban: Afghanistan would receive huge assistance packages from states, international organizations and NGOs. [...]

[...] Afghanistan is in considerably more dire straits than Kosovo.”[32] Recent studies have evaluated the development aid that Afghanistan needs. According ton RAND, $100 per capita is the minimum investment for a successful stability operation; to meet this benchmark, reconstruction assistance would have to be doubled to $3bn annually.” A World Bank study estimated in 2004 the annual needs at about $ 3.8 bn (27bn for seven years).[33] In any case, the current commitment of the US and the Europeans is not sufficient. [...]

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