The world population is increasing at a rapid rate and aging fast in developed areas, soon the planet won't be able to satisfy needs of all humans living on it, however China did find a way to slow down the speed of population increase: The One Child Policy. It is a policy that some people protest against and that some people praise, as it was very successful in keeping the number of inhabitants low and stable. "The rationale behind One Child policy stems from the 18th century ideas of Thomas Malthus, whose theory suggests that with a population growth, food sources would be depleted due to the higher demand for food, hence hindering the economic growth and lowering living standards." (Bloom, Canning and Sevilla 2003) Nevertheless, China might have been successful in one aspect of this policy, but according to different studies, China will face its consequences in the future due to the aging population: social and economic.
The age structure has changed enormously since 1949; it was mainly a result of historical events and political decisions. Firstly, Great Famine already caused a decline in the total fertility rate per woman; it dropped from 6 to 3, followed by an increase in mortality rate, with a rate of 10 deaths in thousands to 25. (Cai and Wang 2009) This fact could have a huge impact on the age structure already; even though the population birth rate had eventually recovered in the later years. Secondly, political decisions played an important role in population changes and age structure too. Population structure was influenced mainly thanks to the improved health care; introduction of a simple programme, proposed by the government, which resulted in the decrease in the mortality rate, leading to a greater equality between young and elderly among the population and less deaths of new-borns.
[...] Therefore, the one child policy might have helped to boost economic growth in these years, but it will be a difficult situation for the state later on and only right choice of laws and policies that government shall proposes might solve this issue that China and many other countries are facing. Bibliography BBC (2007). Grey areas in China's one-child policy. [online]. Last accessed 17 November 2011 at: HYPERLINK "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia- pacific/7002201.stm" http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia- pacific/7002201.stm BLOOM, David, CANNING, David and SEVILLA, Jaypee (2003). The Demographic Dividend, A New Perspective on the Economic Consequences of Population Change. Report for United Nations, Santa Monica, RAND. BLOOM, CRAIG and MALANEY (2001). [...]
[...] CHIU, Emily (2004). The One Child Policy's Socio Demographic Impact: Current Trends and Alternative Policy Projections. Wharton Research Scholars Journal,. FONG, Vanessa (2002). China's One Child Policy: The Empowerment of Urban Daughters. American Anthropologist 1098-1109. GREENHALG, Susan (2005). Missile Science, Population Science: The Origin's of one child policy. China Quaterly,. HAO, Dr Yan (2004). [...]
[...] Chinese Government is facing a difficult situation, whether to continue with one child policy or become more lenient in most areas, however very careful considerations have to take place. On the other hand, scholars have suggested an alternative to the one child policy. is the child policy', which consists of two key elements such as to make sure families would only produce two children and a minimum age of a parent would be 25years combined with spacing interval between the other birth.” According to calculations and United Nations projections, if these two laws were abided, population would be maintained at the same level. [...]
[...] The emergence of DINKS households in China and a simple analysis of the reasons behind their development. In: China's Economic Reform , A study with Documents. New York, RoutledgeCurzon, 314-321. JACKSON, Richard (2011). Can an Aging China Be a Rising China? [online]. Last accessed 12 November 2011 at: HYPERLINK "https://www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/1104/jackson.html" https://www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/1104/jackson.html LOFTHOUSE, Loyd (2011). Exemptions in China's one child policy. [online]. Last accessed 17 November 2011 at: HYPERLINK "http://ilookchina.net/2010/11/05/exemptions-in-chinas-one-child-policy/" http://ilookchina.net/2010/11/05/exemptions-in-chinas-one-child-policy/ MCKINSEY, Quarterly (2002). [...]
[...] Filling China's Pension Gap. [online]. Last accessed 11 November 2011 at: HYPERLINK "http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Filling_Chinas_pension_gap_1179" http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Filling_Chinas_pension_gap_1179 PENG XIZHE, Guo Zhigang (2000). Age and Sex Structure. In: The Changing Population of China. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 64-68. ROSS, John (2004). Understanding the Demographic Dividend. [online]. Last accessed 28 December 2011 at: HYPERLINK "http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/generalreport/Demo_Div.pdf" http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/generalreport/Demo_Div.pdf SRINIVASAN, T (1988). [...]
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