Has British public policy been Europeanised in the period since 1973?

Résumé du document

As Johan Olsen affirms ""Europeanization" is a fashionable but contested concept." This term indeed occupies a lot of space in all studies about the European Union and more specifically about the domestic changes incurred by the member states through the dynamics of European integration. There is not really a shared definition and usually the books devote one chapter to define it . Broadly speaking, Europeanization refers to the European Union's impact on laws, politics, institutions, policies and identities in EU member states . Another definition of Europeanization is given in the chapter 15 of Bulmer and Lequesne (2000) : "Europeanization consists of processes of construction, diffusion and institutionalisation of formal and informal rules, procedures, policy paradigms, styles, "ways of doing things", and shared beliefs and norms which are first defined and consolidated in the EU policy process and then incorporated in the logic of domestic discourse, political structures and public policies".

Extraits

[...] Public policy in Britain, i.e. public policy developed at the level of the Union but implemented in Britain, and public policy of Britain, i.e. public policy developed at the level of the British government, possibly shaped, transformed, constrained or influenced by the Union[8], have equally been “Europeanized” since 1973. It shall also be argued that the degree of Europeanization of British public policy also depends on the mismatch between the practices of a late member to the Union and the public policy practices of a community founded in 1957, increasing the adaptional pressure[9], as more a European policy fits the domestic context the lower the costs of adaptation in the implementation process[10]”. [...]

[...] First Britain chose to refuse changes in public policy originating from the Union by opting out from provisions in European treaties. In the treaty of Maastricht of 1992 Britain did not sign the provisions relating to the monetary Union, choosing not to adopt the single European currency, the Euro and not to take part to the Eurogroup. The British monetary policy was preserved contrary to other member states who adopted the Euro, and its budgetary and fiscal policy was not limited by the growth and stability pact. [...]

[...] http://www.euractiv.com/en/agenda2004/lisbon-agenda/article-117510 Simon Bulmer Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p 160 Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p 229 Dyson cited in Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p 167. Green Cowles, Caporaso and Risse (2000) cited in Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p Jessop cited in Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p 161. Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p 161. Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p 224. [...]

[...] Simon Bulmer and Christian Lequesne (eds.), The Member States of the European Union, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005), schema p See the schema p in Simon Bulmer and Christian Lequesne (eds.), The Member States of the European Union, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005). Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p Simon Bulmer and Christian Lequesne (eds.), The Member States of the European Union, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005), chapters p Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics, (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p 162. [...]

[...] First the British public policy has been affected internally by the process of devolution in the late 1990s. Devolution transferred some powers in public policy from the British government to subnational public entities in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, transforming the British public policy in its scope and method, introducing policy cooperation between the multiple levels of governance in the United Kingdom. The British public policy has also been modified internally by the neo liberal agenda implemented by the Thatcher government, which dismantled the traditional Beveridgian Welfare state and core areas of health and social policy. [...]