A Nordic identity in the European security structure?

Laure L.

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A Nordic identity in the European security structure?

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Résumé du document

The 3rd and 4th December 1998, the President of French Republic Jacques Chirac and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair met in Saint Malo. Both maintained the necessity to give Europe the ability of autonomous action concerning security and defence. This statement comes within the framework of the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union during the 1990s. It also shows the building process of a CFSP (common Foreign and security policy) is getting more and more pragmatic. Indeed, the institutional framework for a European voice in international affairs now exists. The EU as an independent actor that stands ready to defend its security interests at the European and global level will have a significant impact upon cooperative security structures at the regional level and beyond. It will alter relations between states as well as international bodies. It will create new security and organizational patterns and somewhat blur the borders between member states.

Sommaire

Introduction.
The security context of nordic countries.
1. Historical overview: From neutrality to non-alignment.
2. Consequences of the end of the cold war for Nordic security context.
3. Geopolitical context: Russia and the United States.
Nordic perspective on cfsp as regards nato weu and the EU.
1. Comparative analysis of Nordic involvement in 'the security triangle'.
2. Finland and Sweden regarding CFSP.
3. Finland and Sweden regarding NATO and WEU.
4. Denmark.
5. Common achievements.
A Nordic influence in the CFSP.
1. The realist theories: Influence in term of absence and presence.
2. Possibilities of Nordic influence in institutional development and policy making.
Conclusion.
Literature.
1. Reports of the programme on the Northern Dimension.
2. Websites.

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Extraits

[...] Position of great power determines the scope of CFSP, the decision on major issues. Being small countries, Nordics influence could only be possible on minor issues or only if they join a great power or a coalition. For instance, some realist theoricians argues that the joint Finnish and Swedish initiative on including the WEU's Petersberg task into the Amsterdam Treaty would have been taken anyway by great powers. Moreover, they seem to be on the mainstream of the EU that is to say the unwillingness to go on a faster pace in term of CFSP. [...]

[...] As Kori Schake, Amaya Bloch- Lainé and Charles Grant underline in their analysis of a European defence capability, the St-Malo declaration of December 1998 left open the possibility of European military action outside the framework of the US-led NATO: ‘From the European perspective it is important to retain the option of a autonomous European capability, as a means for pressuring Washington to cooperate in the development of ESDI within NATO'. The two non-aligned Nordic countries, Finland and Sweden, stress in this respect that their security status within Europe enhances the security in the Nordic area, and see as yet no reason to apply for NATO membership. [...]

[...] Nordics can develop the “material power” they have in the Baltic region and it's what they have done to help the Baltic country to join Europe Entrepreneurial leadership is using negotiation skills to influence policies. The joint initiatives on Petersberg tasks and the Northern dimension are example of successful entrepreneurial leadership. Intellectual leadership is the ability to provide “systems of thought that offer a coherent analytical framework”. Johan Galtung is a good example of a Nordic intellectual in the field of security policy. [...]

[...] First of all, it could be characterised as a “pluralistic security community” with stable expectations on peaceful settlements of conflicts. But, secondly, the Nordic countries have different institutional connections to NATO and EU (Denmark, as NATO member, and Denmark, Finland and Sweden as EU members). In that respect, one of the most important questions this paper will try to address is how the concept of Common European Security and Defence Policy (CESDP) of the EU could be used as an analytical tool to describe and explain foreign policy change in the Nordic countries, how the Nordic countries have responded to the CESDP development and also how Nordics can influence CESDP. [...]

[...] Institute for Security Studies of WEU 2000. Approaching the Northern dimension of the CFSP: challenges and opportunities for the EU in the emerging European security order Mathias Jopp and Riku Warjo Vaaro (Eds) Web sites European Council: Common Foreign and Security Policy - Basic Concepts. http://ue.eu.int/Pesc/pres.asp?lang=en European Council (2000c) Action Plan for Northern Dimension with External and Cross-border Policies of the European Union 2000-2003. http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/north_dim/ndap/06_00_en.pdf General Affairs Council (1999) Implementation of a Northern Dimension for the Policies of the European Union. [...]

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