The evolution of the Schengen Area

Résumé du document

Since the introduction of free movement as an economic and fundamental right for EU citizens, the European Union has established a long list of measures, directives and other attempts to provide an open but safe area within the borders of the Union. The European security management has been developed through Schengen co-operation and legal acts, such as the Amsterdam Treaty. Border control has also undergone an immense process of change, starting from nationally focused systems with the sovereignty of each state to operational cooperation at the external borders. National border security systems are being complemented by a set of effective tools to manage potential security risks at the external borders. The Schengen Information System was set up as one of the most important compensatory measures to make up for the abolition of the internal border controls. The right of free movement is a fundamental and personal right for each citizen of the European Union, secured by article 18 TEC. However, this right might be restricted by Member States on grounds of public policy, public security and public health. Risks and resources have to be balanced, so that the right amount of protection can be ensured for Member States without under-protecting, but also without over-protecting.

Extraits

[...] Border control is managed by the Schengen Borders Code. The chapter also contains a small introduction on the next steps in border management. The fourth chapter is about the attempts of the European Union to balance free movement and security, both at internal and external borders. Main players in this process are the Schengen Information System and the Frontex agency. The chapter explains the purposes of these subjects and tells more about both critical and encouraging reports on its functioning. [...]

[...] Relations between Member States and their non-EU neighbors have to been strengthened, both to technology and security as to the protection of free movement rights. Literature Books Kooijmans, P.H. (2008) Internationaal publiekrecht in vogelvlucht, Publiced by Wolters Kluwer, page 332-342. [...]

[...] Applicants also need to have sickness insurance to ensure that they do not become a burden on the social services of the host Member State during their stay. Applicants will be registered immediately after presentation of a valid identity card or passport. They also need to proof that the required conditions are complied with Right of permanent residence Citizens of the European Union acquire the right of permanent residence in the host Member State after a five-year period of uninterrupted legal residence. [...]

[...] L'évolution de l'espace Schengen Table of contents Preface Table of contents. Chapter 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Research question 3. Reading guide Chapter 2. Regulation on free movement rights 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Directive on free movement Right to move and right of residence for up to three months Right of residence for more than six months Right of permanent residence Restrictions on the right of entry and residence Chapter 3. Regulation on border control 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Schengen Borders Code External border control Internal border control 3.3 Next steps in border management Chapter 4. [...]

[...] It is therefore important that controls at the external frontiers are efficient enough to stop illegal immigration, drug smuggling and other unlawful activities. Where there is a serious threat to internal security, a Member State may exceptionally reintroduce border controls at its internal borders for a limited period of no more than thirty days. Other Member States and the European Commission should be informed as soon as possible. Today, over 400 million people live in the Schengen area. It covers 22 EU Member States plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. [...]