La France doit-elle adopter des politiques de discrimination positive sur le marché du travail ?

Résumé du document

This paper reviews the situation of France in the labour market. The main purpose is to analyse and understand if France should adopt the Affirmative Action policies in the labour market. This policy defines the discrimination in a whole and targets the notion of positive discrimination. The latter consists to discriminate individuals based on their ethnicities. Immigrants are numerous in the French society however what are their places. I will explain the reasons of the existence of discrimination and suggest solutions to cure it. The context and the History are essential components to understand the actual situation.

The theories of discrimination will help us to measure and evaluate the impact of this phenomena. Evidences will be illustrated to show the scope of the situation. It is important to comprehend the causes of the “potential” introduction of the positive discrimination. Problems of riots, integration, identity, diversity, assimilation, multiculturalism could be the sources. Finally, the comparison of the accomplishment between the American Affirmative Action and the “developing” positive discrimination law in France, permits to think about the actions that could be take in the future and estimate the impacts – positive or negative- on the society.

Extraits

[...] Mostly jobs were not valuable which were associated with low education and standard of living. Moreover French native citizen were not used to see different culture, habits and traditions. It is difficult to introduce the idea of multiculturalism where the society should embrace and include distinct cultural groups with equal social status.[10] The impressive point probably is the difference in religious. France is considered as the “eldest daughter of Catholic Church”; it might be a shock for some people to accept a new religion. [...]

[...] To reformulate the wish of the client, the fax indicated some criteria to recruit candidates: girls white skin, between 18 and 22 years old and size 38. Three aspects of discrimination that the Court of Justice of Paris did classify without fine. Through these two cases, which probably are not the only one, the legal system has to improve and to overcome efficiently the problem of discrimination. It is essential to find new solutions that act with the employers instead of letting the Justice to find conciliate responsibilities. Discrimination persists for 3 major reasons according to neoclassical economists. [...]

[...] In France, the CV requires a picture, the date of birth or the status. Clearly a candidate who possesses more than one “negative” aspect, the opportunity to get an interview is definitely low verily inexistent. The synthesis of the report[44] about the survey of “testings” discrimination in the labour market in France (March 2007) has shown that discrimination against French individuals originally from different ethnicity does exist. Employment is a vector of integration in the society. If discrimination occurs, it means that the integration of the migrant people would create social tensions and an economic disadvantage. [...]

[...] The firm that has a zero discrimination coefficient will gain the most profits. The intersection of supply and demand shows the equilibrium black-white ratio that equals (wb/ww)*. If the relative black wage is below equilibrium, employers would rise the black wage in order to attract black workers. Ehnic “enclave economies” could be positive where there is a majority of black people, even if they are considered as a minority; they have a bigger chance to be hired and “escape the adverse impact of discrimination in the labour market that lies outside the enclave”.[29] c. [...]

[...] The non-discriminatory equilibrium may be unstable. Here we use the dynamic assumption for Pw. The greater the elasticity of the supply schedule for qualified labour, the more likely is the system to be unstable: E ( MPs ws ) ( ws wu ) [...]