The impact of multinational economic development of firms on countries in process of development

Résumé du document

Since about twenty years, globalization has resulted in a display of multinationals, a development of the global networks, the international trade, the explosion of the volume of the foreign direct investments, the ascent in power of the Asian countries in the world economy. Certain countries took advantage more than others of the effects of the globalization, some of them built up to themselves a place in the world trade because of their specialization in it, others, as the industrial nations, undergo an increase in their internal disparities because of the competition of developing countries with low salaries. Therefore, globalization, through the positive effects of the international exchanges finding their base in the international division of the work, would be a factor of development, but would not it also be factor of increase in the disparities between the countries of the North as those of the South, or still worse, within a country?

Extraits

[...] The impact of multinational economic development of firms on countries in process of development Since about twenty years, the globalization resulted by a display of multinationals, a development of the global networks, the international trade, the explosion of the volume of the foreign direct investments, the ascent in power of the Asian countries in the world economy. MATTHIEU CROZET & PAMINA KOENIG Le rôle des firmes multinationales dans le commerce international - The role of multinationals in the international trade [Online]. [...]

[...] However, if it allowed an economic adjustment of the countries of Asia of the South, we often allocate it all the troubles of the countries of the North as the South. It can be also considered as factor of increase of the disparities. We can notice an increase of the disparities as well between the countries of the North and the countries of the South as inside the countries, as they are developed or in development. The financial globalization knew a significant development, from 1988 till 1998, the influence of the capital flows has more than doubled in the world GDP, but this phenomenon has been saw only in the rich countries (which represent of the capital flows exchanged in the world in 1998) and mainly the United States (first beneficiaries of the financial globalization). [...]

[...] The least developed countries are the most marginalized: there are few multinationals of local origin and the presence of foreign multinationals on their territory is almost non-existent. Alan M. Rugman and Alain Verbeke The World Trade Organization, Multinational Enterprises, and the Civil Society [Online]. Available from http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/conferences/2002/calgary/rugman-verbeke.pdf [Accessed 29 January 2007]. As for indicators, they show important distances between the countries of the OECD and certain developing countries as Africa (On this side, we attend an adjustment for the regions of Asia). The developed countries are those of whom the IDH is the most important. [...]

[...] This phenomenon is explained first of all by the increasing roles that play cities in the globalization. Indeed, they concentrate the main bases of the economic activity, it is around them that build up the big networks of world exchanges, and they welcome the hand of qualified work, the research structures. This polarization of the economic activity in cities increases the disparities: in the South, for example, cities as Manilla and Bangkok concentrate the biggest part of economic activities, attract the workforce, the rest of the territory tends to become impoverished and to become depopulated. [...]

[...] Furthermore, in the North, we noticed that the groupings between countries allowed some of them to develop more, to see their international trade widening. It was the case of Mexico, when it joined with the United States and Canada to constitute the ALENA (treaty of free exchange), its exports tripled from 1980 till 1998. The phenomenon is approximately the same for Europe, with the transition in the single market, the European countries strengthened their union and their international trade progressed. [...]