La création de la monnaie - publié le 21/05/2013

Thèmes abordés

création, monnaie, économie monétaire, crédits, argent

Résumé du document

Caractéristiques de la monnaie:
- Un instrument d'échange;
- Un besoin de monnaie pour réaliser des échanges économiques;
- Création de monnaie = devises avec le commerce extérieur, mais principalement, le crédit.

Extraits

[...] Rôle du crédit < number > 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800px-German_Monopoly_board_in_the_middle_of_a_game.jpg Quelques notions d'économie monétaire Caractéristiques de la monnaie Un instrument d'échange Un besoin de monnaie pour réaliser des échanges économiques Création de monnaie = devises avec le commerce extérieur, mais principalement, le crédit < number > inflation.jpg Monnaie scripturale et monnaie fiduciaire Création de monnaie régulée par les institutions Création de monnaie trop importante = inflation Acteurs de la création monétaire Les institutions bancaires BCE (Banque Centrale Européenne) Définit met en œuvre la politique monétaire de la zone euro Objectif principal: veiller à la stabilité des prix Banques centrales nationales Relais au niveau national de la BCE Créé la monnaie nécessaire au bon fonctionnement du système bancaire Crédite le compte des banques commerciales en échange de titres de créances pour satisfaire les retraits des clients Prêteur en dernier recours (crise des crédits "subprime" de 2007) < number > bclcl.jpg Les banques commerciales: de multiples activités Collecte des dépôts des ménages, entreprises, administrations publiques Financement de l'économie locale: octroi de crédits (ménages, PME, services publics, grands projets de multinationales) Spéculation sur les marchés financiers < number > Acteurs de la création monétaire Quelle est la provenance de l'argent accordé dans le cas d'un crédit? Peut-on prêter de l'argent que l'on a pas? L'énigme de l'œuf et la poule Les dépôts font les crédits Banques commerciales prêtent en totalité la monnaie qu'on leur a confié: intermédiaire entre les agents à capacité de financement (qui ont épargné) et les agents qui ont un besoin de financement. [...]

[...] Besoin des banques en billets: les banques ordinaires ne peuvent pas émettre de billets retrait sur leur compte à la BC, ce qui a un coût. Risques de ne pas être remboursés Politique monétaire: Encadrement du crédit :norme de croissance des crédits intervention sur le marché monétaire: taux d'intérêt réserves obligatoire d'un certain % des dépôts à la BC < number > Conclusion L'existence de monnaie dématérialisée créée pas les banques ne repose pas sur un stock de monnaie existant Les banques peuvent créer de la monnaie à partir « de rien » mais cela a des limites La masse monétaire fluctue Masse monétaire stable = peu d'inflation < number > Le crédit est le moteur de l'économie car il permet d'investir, d'accéder à la propriété, d'accélerer les échanges, etc. [...]

[...] . Content.IE5\KVSBUKP6\MPj04392370000[1].jpg < number > Introduction Création monétaire De quelle façon? Sous quelle forme? Par qui? [...]

[...] Livret livret développement durable, etc. Mais la banque ne se limite pas à prêter l'argent qu'elle garde en dépôt < number > index.jpg Les crédits font les dépôts Créer de la monnaie par le crédit : un simple jeu d'écritures comptables Actif = ce qu'on lui doit Passif = ce qu'elle doit à ses déposants Ainsi, son bilan est équilibré La banque a créé de la monnaie « ex-nihilo », c'est-à-dire à partir de rien < number > http://www.m-lasserre.com/educpop/dossiermonnaie/imagesmonnaie/creationbcommerciales.gif L'énigme de l'œuf et la poule billet-en-feu.jpg Une fois le crédit remboursé, il y a destruction de la monnaie < number > Mais cette création monétaire n'est pas sans contrepartie et est fortement encadrée par la BCE L'énigme de l'œuf et la poule Risques d'inflation < number > En résumé Crédits et dépôts sont liés Cercle vertueux Crédit = investissement = retour sur investissement Processus de création global. [...]