How are computers and the Internet changing the way in which modern businesses are organized ?

Résumé du document

In the same way that the Fordist system revolutionized the business world in its time (working conditions, productivity and competitiveness), the introduction of computers, and thereafter of the Internet, deeply modified the contemporary firms. Created, in the plainest and yet most cumbersome form, at the beginning of the Second World War, the computer has experienced a fast growth and spectacular development through history. It is possible to define a computer as follows: "finished model of universal algorithmic automat" or "universal analytical calculator with recorded program". Following the creation of computers and with their development, new instruments appeared to prolong the tool known as data processing. From now on, the computers are thus integrated in a vast unit generically called data processing, which is itself a part of another modern whole, known as new information and communication technologies, which can be defined as a set of technologies used to process, modify and exchange data, more specifically digitized data.

Extraits

[...] Firms now tend to focus on main-taining control of their tacit knowl-edge their experience and skills and have become integrated into networks that provide them with other types of knowledge. They also acquire knowledge by buying other firms or through mergers. Between 1991 and 1999, the value of global cross-border mergers and acquisitions grew more than six-fold, from USD 85 billion to USD 558 billion. Strategic alliances also developed rapidly over the decade, and grew by 40% in 1999. The number of new co-operative deals increased from just over in 1989 to more than ten years later. [...]

[...] MUET (2004) La société de l'information, Documentation française DARES (2004) 20 ans de metiers, evolution des employs de 1982 à 2002, syntheses de l'information, octobre 2004, n°43-2 INSEE, INSEE N.CLOAREC et P. PIETRIBESSY (2005) Les entrEprises du tertiaire relevant le défi des TIC,n° 1005, mars 2005 INSEE, INSEE B.BAILLET et JB.BERRY (2005) Les acteurs du commerce électronique 999, janvier 2005 Minsitère de l'économie, des finances et de l'industrie (2001), Le commerce électronique interentreprise : son impact dans le secteur automobile, 12/2004, Minsitère de l'économie, des finances et de l'industrie, Secrétariat d'État à l'industrie, sous la direction de JM. YOLIN (2001), Internet et enterprise : mirage ou opportunité. [...]

[...] However, SMEs lag behind larger firms in terms of internal managerial capabilities, usually having no CIO (Chief Information Officer) who can plan and implement e-business strategies for them. The professional advice of IT and e-business consultants can help them, but SMEs may not easily have access to them because of relatively high cost. Cost of developing and maintaining e-business systems Most SMEs will not adopt e-commerce if the benefits do not outweigh the costs of developing and maintaining the system. [...]

[...] It is characterised by enhanced legislation. Legislators, on all levels, discover the medium and lurch at it passionately. Resources which were once considered "free" are suddenly transformed into "national treasures" not to be dispensed with cheaply, casually or frivolously.It is conceivable that certain parts of the Internet will be "nationalised" (for instance, in the form of a licensing requirement) and tendered to the private sector. Legislation will be enacted which will deal with permitted and disallowed content (obscenity? incitement ? [...]

[...] AND NEW ADVERTISING CONCEPTS B PAGES THE PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY THE CATALOGUE OF SERVICES, THE HUMAN RESOURCES TO INFORM IN ORDER TO SALE: E TRADE A B2C AND CRM CRM B2C B B2B, B2A AND B2E B2A AND B2E RIUS BURGADA Claire, declare that this is my own individual work and that included copyrighted material from any other source has been acknowledged with full citation details B THE INFORMATION AT THE HEART OF THE LIMITS INTERNET AND GROWTH OF THE INEQUALITIES A INTERNET AND THE PURE AND PERFECT COMPETITION DEFINITION THE INTERNET: TOWARDS PPC? B THOSE EXCLUDED FROM THE INTERNET FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES (AT THE INTERNAL LEVEL) . TO COUNTRIES IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT (AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL) OMNIPRESENT RISKS A BETWEEN SAFETY THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK VIRUS, CRACKERS B - AND DEPENDANCE VITAL . [...]