The role of WTO in the process of globalization

Résumé du document

1947 - After a war that ravaged the world, the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) opened the door to the internationalization of markets: lower tariffs, dumping and fight against the quota, while a series of measures were taken to move towards greater economic liberalism.

1994 - Years have passed and the globalization process has been ongoing since the early 1980s, forcing the nations to review the organization of world trade. In this context, and after several years of negotiations, the WTO (World Trade Organization) was created to help countries enter the free market at all-will. This organization, meeting places and the struggle for economic liberalism, will become over time very powerful, able to punish countries not complying with the laws of the market. Between negotiations, monitoring and proposals, the WTO will play an essential role in the globalization process. It should be here to show to what extent it plays this role.

To do this, after seeing that the WTO has become over the years an organization at the heart of the globalization process, we show that this place of discussion is probably the most influential in the world today. Finally, we show that in recent years, this connection can be nuanced because this organization is being increasingly contested and seems to show its limits.

Extraits

[...] The rules must be transparent and predictable. The WTO also has a pacifist function; actually, it helps through the DSB (Dispute Settlement Body), to resolve disputes between countries. This is the third important part of business, and we will deal with it later. All these powers that only the WTO has make it an extremely powerful organization in the world, what we will see in the second part. II- This discussion forum is probably the most influential organization in the world today. [...]

[...] That's the aim of the process for resolving disputes in the WTO Agreements. Then it's to the DSB (Dispute Settlement Body) to decide the case. This organism is composed of all member states of the WTO. A specific process, with clearly defined steps was set up during the Uruguay Round to resolve disputes between countries. If the decision of the DSB is not suitable for countries, it is possible to appeal. Then it's the Appellate Body, (composed by seven permanent members representing the membership of the WTO) which make a final decision. [...]

[...] Indeed, we see that its action is more ambiguous, and it is increasingly difficult to know whether the WTO is acting as the policeman of liberalism or as a regulator of globalization. The anti-globalization movement, which fight the work of the WTO, have clearly seen that shade. Thus, the question on the future of the WTO becomes important. Will this organization be able to adapt the new world? Will this organism be able to manage and drive the global trade? Shortly, will its action be always recognized in the coming years? In short, if its action will always be recognized in future years. [...]

[...] In the desire to address issues in agricultural products and services trade, the WTO was established in the Uruguay Round negotiations, which took place from 1986 to 1994. (See below). New negotiations are now taking place in the WTO, through the "Doha Development Program" launched in 2001. Rounds functioning. The rounds are references to the stages of negotiations of varying length. The first rounds of trade negotiations were focused on reducing tariffs. In the 60's, the Kennedy Round resulted in the anti-dumping law. The Tokyo Round followed this, which was a first attempt to reform the system. [...]

[...] Launched in 2001, the Doha Round is the last program of the WTO. This program aims to improve the business prospects of developing countries. WTO's functioning. The WTO is a place where the 153 member governments are gathering to try to resolve their trade problems. It is first a negotiations framework. The first step is to discuss. All actions of the WTO are the result of several years of negotiations. Negotiations help to make the trade improve to a kind of liberalism forms. [...]