Kazakhstan : un pont entre les mondes

Résumé du document

Il s'agit d'une dissertation en anglais concernant la position du Kazakhstan dans le monde.

Extraits

[...] The members planned to continue economic integration and to eliminate all tariffs among themselves by the end of July 2011. On November 19th 2011, member states established a commission to encourage greater economic ties by planning for the creation of an Eurasian Union in 2015. Since January 1st 2012, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan have moved to the second stage of the integration process by forming the Common Economic Space, combining the Customs Union and the Free Trade Area. These structures led to the signature of the Astana's Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) Treaty in years after a proposal by Nazarbayev to that effect. [...]

[...] Dismissals occurred, such the one of Kayrat Karibzhanov, president of Kazakh Telecom, and his entire team, who were fired when they discovered that his monthly salary was $365,000. The main changes in the economic role of the Kazakh state have focused on its connections with the private sector, a crucial element of any economic strategy. They concern not only the instruments used by the state in its dealings with Kazakh and foreign companies, but also (most strikingly) the intensity of its influence. [...]

[...] This landlocked country of Central Asia (with the Caspian Sea on the west, Russia on the north, China on the east and Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan on the south) is little known in Western Europe, despite its wide importance. Kazakhstan is France's second largest supplier of oil in 2017, i.e. around 15.5% of its crude oil imports in 2017, just behind Russia. With a population of 15.4 million, Kazakhstan is the second largest former Soviet Republic and one of the few countries in the post-Soviet space which built itself without any major violence between ethnicities or religions, and acquired a global status thanks to considerable financial and economic reforms. [...]

[...] The first is directly anchored in the national development Kazakhstan 2050 of the President Nazarbayev defined in 2012. To achieve this, Kazakhstan is counting on research and development on the energies of the future, the transition to the green economy and the mastery of a better energy efficiency by seeking to halve GDP national share of fossil energy consumption by 2050. More than just a real path to green energy, energy efficiency would be the vector chosen by the Kazakhstan 2050 strategy to ensure its energy security in a region dominated by the Russian markets and growing Chinese demand. [...]

[...] a Eurasian parliament, a common currency, dual nationality and joint border surveillance. But the prospects of monetary and political integration are rejected by the majority of the political class, led by Nazarbaev. In fact, at the end of a meeting with his Russian and Belarusian counterparts in Astana in May 2013, the Kazakh President reiterated that there was no question of giving the Eurasian Economic Commission competences of a political nature. He declared: would like to stress once again that there is no plan to transfer political powers to supranational bodies that would call into question the independence of states. [...]