Globalization: Good or Bad?

Résumé du document

Globalization and deglobalization refers to the increase or decline of globalism. Globalism has two special characteristics (Keohane, R. and Nye, J. 2000): Globalization refers to the minimizing distance on a large scale. It can be contrasted with localization, nationalization, or rationalization. Globalization is accompanied by increasing gaps, between the rich and the poor countries. It does not imply homogenisation or equity (Keohane, R. and Nye, J. 2000). We can differentiate the dimensions according to the types of flown and perceptual connections that occur in spatially extensive networks:

Extraits

[...] Others are more critical about globalization and consider the negative things as more important. These will be discussed in the next part. The Pros and Cons of Globalization Why is Globalization Good There are at least three fundamental blessings of globalization on nations that embrace it (Griswold, Daniel 2000): Faster economic growth Reductions in poverty More fertile soil for democracy The greatest beneficiaries of globalization are the long-suffering consumers in those nations that had been “protected” from global competition. Globalization expands the range of choice, improves product quality, and exerts downward pressure on prices. [...]

[...] The tendency toward uniformity (or “harmonisation”), by which norms, standards, rules, and practices are defined and enforces with respect to regions, or the world as a whole, rather than within the bounds of nation- states. Globalization can be seen most clearly in the quickening pace and scope of international commerce. The expansion of international trade and foreign investment has been an ad hoc, decentralized, bottom-up process resulting from two developments of the 1980s: 1. The collapse of global communism The demise of the Third World's romance with import substitution. [...]

[...] Globalization increases the number of competitors operating in the economy. Not only does this work to reduce monopoly power in the marketplace, it can also reduce corporate power in the political arena. Most important, new trade theory offers reason to believe that openness can have a permanent effect on a country's rate of growth, not just the level of real GDP. So I think globalization can give countries gains from international trade, associated with the phrase comparative advantage. A evil of globalization is the destructive impact of economic activity upon the earth. [...]

[...] Globalization offers hope to the world's poorest. Just as more open trade tends to promote economic growth, growth in turn leads to poverty reduction. Globalization facilitates the spread of modern medicine, which has helped to extend life expectancy and reduce infant mortality in rich and poor countries alike. The advance of globalization has not been a smooth or a pain-free process. Two of the most common complaints against globalization are that it has undermined labour and environmental standards, and that it has exacerbated the gap between rich and poor, both among and within countries. [...]

[...] Finally, I will discuss whether I agree with pro- or anti- globalization forces and make some suggestions to make globalization workable. This part will end with an answer to the problem statement. What Does Globalization mean Globalization and deglobalization refer to the increase or decline of globalism. Globalism has two special characteristics (Keohane, R. and Nye, J. 2000): Globalism refers to networks of connections, not simply to single linkages. For a network of relationships to be considered it must include multicontinental distances, not simply regional networks. Globalization refers to the shrinkage of distance but on a large scale. [...]