Sustainable development in the electricity sector - the examples of France and Great Britain

Résumé du document

It has been put in evidence that 85 percent of the energy consumed by humans comes from fossil fuels. This statement pointed out one of the most important problems currently faced by humans. The generation of energy depends on the use of fossil fuels. The problem which appears is that these fuels cannot be used longer in this way. Indeed, fossil-fuels are running out and it will take millions of years to completely restore the fossil fuels that we have used in just a few thousand. The problem can be explained by the fact that fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. The concept of sustainable development appeared at the end of the 1980s and offered a new vision of how governments, companies and people have to think in terms of development. The emergence of this new concept is truly a revolution. It starts from the Principe that economic development can no longer continue in the same way, that is to say without taking into account its consequences. The primary objective of this concept is to make people, companies and also governments aware that thinking today about what tomorrow will be is something essential. Around 20 years have passed since the emergence of this concept and it is now time to evaluate the results.

Extraits

[...] To conclude, the tidal energy is not one of the priorities of the UK. Fourthly, the photovoltaic energy is well known but maybe too expensive. Indeed, if the UK would like that of its energy will be photovoltaic, it means that it have to multiply per 57 the current capacity. It might be really difficult because the capacity of solar photovoltaic between 2007 and 2008 register a regression of according to Eurobserv'er (2009). The hydro energy is definitely not the right solution. [...]

[...] The scope for new hydro schemes in the UK is limited because the majority of the resource has already been successfully exploited. For example, the potential for new hydro electricity in Scotland has been estimated to be a maximum of 200MW[14]. In the UKERC scenario it has been assumed that there is no increase in the contribution of hydro electricity from current levels. Biomass electricity currently accounts for approximately of total UK electricity through a mixture of biomass co-firing at large coal power plants, combined heat and power plants and anaerobic digestion plants. [...]

[...] Retrieved July from http://www.ecolopop.info/la-revolution-verte-de-gordon-brown/3174 The renewable energy centre (2006). Grants. Retrieved February from http://www.therenewableenergycentre.co.uk/grants/ Department for business innovation & skills (n.d.). What is renewable obligations? Retrieved July from http://www.berr.gov.uk/energy/sources/renewables/policy/renewables- obligation/what-is-renewables-obligation/page15633.html developpementdurable.com (2009). Le gouvernement britannique dévoile les quatre premiers sites sélectionnés pour l'implantation d'éco-villes . Retrieved July from http://www.developpementdurable.com/politique/2009/07/A2390/le-gouvernement- britannique-devoile-les-quatre-premiers-sites-selectionnes-pour- limplantation-deco-villes.html climamaison (n.d.). Grenelle de l'environnement. Retrieved July from http://www.climamaison.com/grenelle-environnement.php?Livr=41 Profdeses (n.d.). Les differents niveaux de décision politiques. [...]

[...] The power of the installed sensors linked to the metropolitan network in 2006 is doubled (6100kWc versus 3075 in 2005). In addition, incentive programmes like Hélios 2006, will carry out the installation of a surface of about 175000 m2 of photovoltaic cells! The renewable France policy The law program on July laying down guidelines of energy policy has set targets for renewable energy production. [...]

[...] It starts with an overview of the electricity market followed by a scope on the part of the renewable energy in this production. Finally, it put in evidence the organisation of this sector and explains how it works. Chapter the electricity sector in France France is the second largest producer and consumer of electricity in Europe and has the largest generation capacity. At the end of 2006, the installed capacity of all electricity generation facilities in France was about 116.2 GW. [...]