School of human relations 1920-1970

Résumé du document

The evolution of production techniques and the changes it implies about the nature of the work gives rise to ergonomics. Ergonomics for the purpose of adapting work to the worker.

Applied Psychology outcome of the work of Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of psychological factors on productivity. Similarly, affect the productivity, physiological factors related to the physical environment and working conditions.

The crisis of 1929 is at the origin of a protest movement of classical thought and its rationalism.
The school of critical human relationships classical school because it neglects the human nature of work and the motivations and disincentives for employees. She studied the attitudes of men at work, their psychology and behavior of working groups. It therefore allows the human dimension of the company an essential place.

Extraits

[...] Man has the ability to self-direction and self-control. Personal commitment is the result of induced labor in the rewards. It has the ability to exercise his imagination, his creativity in an organization. Theory X is widespread, but his methods are not very effective and are inadequate because they are based on some important motivations. Y style is more effective because it relies on deeper motivations that integrate individual goals and those of the organization Conclusions Mc Gregor. Modes of management theories based on X can be used successfully when the physiological needs of the individual are not satisfied or in the absence of legislation providing for a minimum wage. [...]

[...] Jacob Levi Moreno, 1892-1974. To identify and measure the inter-relationships within a group, MORENO creates the sociogram. It'sa ask each member of the group his feelings towards other participants. These feelings are classified into 3 categories: sympathy, empathy, indifference. The sociogram highlight the leaders of the group, subgroup and group climate. The sociogram leads group therapy work, depending on affinities of individuals which reduces stress and improves morale. Essential differences between the classical school of human relations and the differences. [...]

[...] The profit is a result of the excellent management. The business must create, maintain and develop a customer base. Profit centers are research - development, marketing. The company is a creative institution of change seeking to meet people from outside before those inside. C. Octave Gélinier It is one of the founders of DPPO. Science organizations must be based on clear, simple and practically applicable principles. The fundamental issue of management of the company is setting its long-term policy. Achieve long-term benefits should be consistent with long-term growth which implies removing barriers to market access, financing, capacity development of the management team. [...]

[...] Branch does not care but the operating policy. The organization must build bridges so that each division is represented you consultative in other divisions. He believes that decentralization initiative provides, accountability, effectiveness and significantly reduces the response time given to any problem. The condition for success is that coordination is achieved by a horizontal flow of information. B. Peter Drucker He has advised many leaders of major U.S. companies and is particularly interested in general management functions. According to the management team must: set the specific mission of the organization, which helps determine clear and realistic objectives. [...]

[...] Better internal relations of the group. A line of aggression in a constructive direction. Greater efficiency in solving problems. He created the term in 1944? Group dynamics?, It is easier to change individuals formed group to change each one separately. Coch and French studies extend Lewin student resistance to change. Their experiments show the importance of the direct involvement of participative leadership in the methodology of introducing change. For change to be accepted, it must unlock, introduce change, relock the new situation. [...]