Immunopathology of chikungunya

Résumé du document

The innate immunity, the first line of defense against infectious and pathogenic agents involves different modules of defense:
• Constitutive modules as the skin and the mucosa.
• Induced Modules as phagocytosis and inflammatory responses.

The innate immune response is consequent to a signal of danger due to the specific interaction between the receptor PRRs (for "Pattern Recognition Receptors") and non-self molecules called PAMPs (for "Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns") present on micro-organisms, pathogenic or not.

The mucocutaneous barrier is in contact with viruses, parasites and bacteria. It prevents the innate immunity by mechanical, chemical or biological mechanisms, and is composed by two elements: the skin and the mucosa.

Extraits

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[...] Murine macrophages in culture always contain the virus 50 days after. Role of soluble mediators Two cell types (fibroblasts and muscles) express strongly MCP1/CCL2 (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 and Chemokine Ligand IL8/CXCL8 (Interleukin and MIP-2 (Macrophage Inflammatory Protein CXCL1). Synovial fibroblasts have showed an increase of the expression of MCP1 and IL8, while infected mouse macrophages have showed an increase of the expression of IL8 and MIP - 2 after acute infection. Most of these chemokines could be involved in the chronic recruitment of macrophages to the infection site and thus perpetuate the latent infection of macrophages and the chronic inflammatory response. [...]

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