Darfur crisis

Résumé du document

"Darfur is a little short of hell on earth" and it had asserted the 7th Secretary General of the United-Nations: Kofi Annan in 2005. Here, he described the terrible situation which is occurred the small area of Sudan: a north-western African country. Since 2003, a struggle between the government and rebel armies caused far too much blood to be wasted. Darfur is a western region of Sudan. It covers approximately an area of 493.180 km square, just over 90% the size of France. From north-eastern to south-western, it has borders with Libya, Chad and the Central African Republic. The region's main towns are Al-Fashir, Nyala and Geneima. Darfur is largely an arid plateau with a great range of volcanic peaks rising up to 3000 m in its center: the Marrah Mountains.

So that's here, in a region at first sight prosperous that terror, inhumanity, horror have become the "humdrum routine" of the Darfur population. With respect to this war it was implied in regard to civilians. So how can the historical past of Darfur explain the current conflict in which many international actors are involved? Can we talk about an efficient international solidarity? We will study, in the first part the roots of the conflict then its aftermaths, and finally, we will interest more closely to the international mobilization.

Extraits

[...] We also can wonder if it's not a new return to the Cold War (only economically speaking), insofar as even Russia seems to be involved in that economic conflict between the rich countries. Here we have a picture to understand this involvement of Russia. Source: www.amnestyinternational.be We can see on this picture a Russian helicopter, a gunship one which is transferred at El Geneina, an airport in Darfur, precisely at Nyala. It was taken by Amnesty International, in august 2007. It clearly proves the involvement of Russia, the ally of China. Besides, we can add that in 2005, Russia supplied about twelve helicopters gunship without counting up the huge shipment of weapons. [...]

[...] Annually, about 3,000 doctors, nurses, logisticians are recruited to run projects in needy countries. However individuals are permanently employed in the staff work to recruit volunteers and to handle finances and media relations. Furthermore, private donors provide about 80% of the organization's funding, and governmental and corporate donations provide the rest. As a result, all these donations give to MSF an annual budget of about USD 400 million to pursue its actions. If we focus on the actions of MSF, it is to be noticed that it actively provides health care and medical training to populations in more than seventy countries, but it also frequently insists on political responsibility in conflict zones (for example in Chechnya and in Kosovo). [...]

[...] What is a crime against humanity about? "Acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack such as: murder, extermination, torture, rape or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity, persecution against any identifiable group or collectively on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender or other grounds that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law". The United Nations slowed to act in Darfur because its priority was negotiations in Navaivasha (Kenya) to end the north-south civil war. [...]

[...] But all these great intentions were turned out false. Indeed, the real project was to find children, disguise them into sick ones in order to have their responsibility. Then they could pretend that they were waifs or even orphans to bring them in France and to make adopt them. But actually the children have families and the leaders of the organization, Emilie Lelouch and Eric Breteau knew it well!!! [Case of waifs or orphans are quite uncommon, according to a non governmental organization. [...]

[...] Indeed, it crystallized the linguistic conflict between the North and the South and it didn't encourage the apprenticeship of English. So this lack of knowledge involved an under-schooling of the Southerners populations. Besides the general serious neglect of the British, the lack of infrastructure development increased the poverty.During all these times, the region of the Darfur, in the west was not concerned. It constituted an aside state. Because of this abandonment, it knew an under development. But in 1916, British incorporated it into the North of Sudan. Since this initiative, the fate of the Darfur was sealed. [...]