La phrase complexe en anglais : le style indirect

Thèmes abordés

Phrase complexe en anglais, style indirect, grammaire, anglais, transformations de temps, formes verbales

Résumé du document

Pour rapporter au style indirect le contenu d'un énoncé, il faudra bien sûr modifier formes verbales et pronoms (sur le modèle : Paul said ”I am ready” => Paul said [that] he was ready), mais cela ne suffira pas forcément : il faudra aussi tenir compte, bien souvent, de :
La valeur de l'énoncé en contexte (par exemple la relation entre l'énonciateur et le destinataire).
EX. “You look tired. Why don't you take a nap?”
=> She worried that he looked tired and advised him to take a nap.

Extraits

[...] ( Les autres composantes de la forme verbale (BE + -ING, ASPECT, MODALISATION) ne doivent pas être oubliées EX. “I've finished my work.” He said he had finished his work “I've been waiting for you.” She said she'd been waiting for him. may arrive any minute!” She said he might arrive any minute. NB MUST est le seul modal qui demeure inchangé au style indirect EX. must try again.” He said she must try again. must go now.” She said she must (ou had to) go. [...]

[...] Transformations de temps ( Présent (style direct) prétérit (style indirect) EX. always work for two hours after dinner.” She said she always worked for two hours after dinner. NB suivant la nature de ce qui est dit dans la subordonnée, le présent peut être maintenu au style indirect : EX. The President declared he intends to continue fighting terrorism (l'intention reste valide). She said girls are less selfish than boys (il s'agit d'une généralisation). ( Prétérit (style direct) prétérit parfait (style indirect) EX. [...]

[...] dans les phrases exclamatives et à l'impératif Le verbe introducteur sera choisi en fonction du sens de l'énoncé rapporté (admiration, injure, injonction, EX. “Hello! Please come He greeted me and urged me to come in. He called her a liar! Formes verbales d'introduction du style indirect ( SAY + proposition introduite par THAT ou Ø EX. She said Ø I was a fool. That's not true! I never said that he was a fool! ( TELL + proposition en THAT / Ø dire que . ) EX. She told me Ø I was a fool. [...]

[...] right She urged us to go. ( Confirmation, contradiction: ADMIT + -ING; DENY + -ING EX. stole my rubber, you thief!” I didn't!” =>She denied stealing John's rubber. were the one who started it, weren't “Well I . Yes, actually.” He admitted to having started the quarrel. ( Ordre : TELL, ORDER + PROPOSITION INFINITIVE EX. away at She ordered me to go away at once. “Start now while it's still early.” The boss told me to start while it was still early. [...]

[...] ( Des liens logiques restés implicites au discours direct EX. didn't work today. I wasn't feeling well”. He said that he hadn't worked because he was not feeling well. Comment s'effectue le passage au style direct dans les phrases interrogatives ( Questions ouvertes (du type : “WHERE IS AMANDA?”) : Au présent, la question au style indirect peut être introduite par I SHE . ) WANT(S) TO KNOW / CAN YOU TELL ME / TELL ME / I HAVE NO IDEA / DO YOU KNOW . [...]