Les mots de liaison en anglais (grammaire et méthodologie)

Résumé du document

Il s'agit d'un mémento sur l'utilisation des mots de liaison en anglais.
En l'occurrence, c'est un document à vocation pédagogique réalisé en Licence de Droit mais bien entendu parfaitement valable et exploitable dans d'autres cursus.
Ce document clair et très structuré s'avèrera idéal pour de nombreux(ses) lycéen(ne)s et étudiant(e)s et tout(e) autre intéressé(e).
Il sera également le bienvenu pour préparer certains concours.

Voici le plan :
1ère partie. - Emploi des conjonctions circonstancielles (ou adverbiales)
A. Conséquence
B. But
C. Cause
D. Condition
E. Contraste
F. Manière
2ème partie. - Emploi des prépositions
A. Cause
B. Contraste
C. Argumentation
D. Manière
3ème partie. - Emploi des adverbes
A. Contraste
B. Autres adverbes de liaison
C. Adverbes de modalité
D. Adverbes de temps

Extraits

[...] Autres adverbes de liaison actually anyway firstly secondly and then moreover incidentally somehow besides so / thus therefore en fait de toute façon premièrement et puis de plus à propos pour une raison ou pour une autre d'ailleurs ainsi par conséquent ADVERBES DE MODALITE Les adverbes de modalité commentent l'ensemble de la phrase ► certainly clearly definitely probably / presumably surely maybe / perhaps possibly obviously naturally of course surprisingly fortunately frankly personally certainement de toute évidence sans aucun doute probablement sûrement peut-être éventuellement manifestement naturellement bien sûr de manière surprenante heureusement franchement à mon avis likely (adv.) likely (adj.) probable a des chances de It is likely that she will succeed She is likely to succeed 3 ADVERBES DE TEMPS now then once afterwards soon last maintenant alors autrefois par la suite bientôt / tôt pour la dernière fois yet « jusqu'à présent » already still déjà encore (toujours) Is dinner ready yet ? Have they arrived yet ? Dinner is not ready yet. They haven't arrived yet. [...]

[...] They have already arrived They are still on the way they have not arrived yet & he has still not arrived) MIND THE DIFFERENCES Conjonctions Adverbes He succeeded because he worked hard He succeeded because of his hard work He succeeded thanks to his hard work He failed although he had worked hard. He failed in spite of his hard work (his) working so hard He failed despite working so hard (Al)though he had worked hard, he failed In spite of his hard work, he failed. Despite working hard, he failed He failed. He had worked hard though. [...]

[...] that They were so tired that they went to bed at once. Such nom) that He is such a bore that nobody wants to talk to him ► So et such, seuls, sont utilisés pour intensifier respectivement la valeur d'un adjectif/adverbe ou d'un nom So Her dress is so lovely Such nom) She has such a lovely dress But ► ► In order (not) to So as (not) to So that in order that) He got up early in order to go to work so as to He spoke slowly so that everybody could understand him Cause For He was punished for cheating Because Because it was June, the days were now longer As As we were in June, the days were longer since Since Mais (simple complément d'information) : For The days were longer for it was now June All the more +adj + as/because/since All the less +adj + as/because/since Emploi du gérondif : V + ing The road is all the more slippery as/because/since it has rained. [...]

[...] For fear that In case si A moins que (sauf si) A condition que If you come early you will see him You won't see him unless you come early Pourvu que You will succeed as long as you work You will see him provided you come early En supposant que Suppose your father saw you, what would you say ? What if your father saw you ? What if it rains ? what if it rained ? De peur que Au cas où I'll come tomorrow in case you need me 1 Contraste (concession) whereas while even if however +adj/adv/quantif. [...]

[...] Alors que Tandis que Même si Si que He had three cakes whereas I only had one. He ate three cakes while I was eating one Even if it rains, I want to go out However hard he works he does not succeed However much she eats, she never gains weight comme Comme si Do as I say He acts as if / as though there was nothing wrong He acts as if / as though there is nothing wrong (oral) Manière as as if / as though EMPLOI DES PREPOSITIONS Les prépositions introduisent un nom ou un verbe au gérondif (verbe + ing) Cause because of due to on account of owing to considering given in view of thanks to à cause de I stayed home because of the rain en raison de On account of his old age / his being old Owing to Considering his old age . [...]