Introduction sur l'usage du verbe en anglais

Thèmes abordés

Linguistique, grammaire, anglais, verbe ordinaire, contenu sémantique, auxiliaire, opérateur grammatical, temps composé, phrase interrogative, présent progressif, forme syntaxique

Résumé du document

Il existe deux catégories de verbes : les verbes ordinaires (avec contenu sémantique) et les auxiliaires (outils/opérateurs grammaticaux). Pour construire les temps composés, on utilise le present perfect (have + participe passé) ou le present continuous (be + ing).

Concernant la forme négative d'une phrase, on ajoute "not" à l'auxiliaire (ex : "I don't like grammar/I haven't seen this movie/I can't go to the cinema). Concernant la forme interrogative il s'opère une inversion auxiliaire-sujet-verbe (ex : "do you like/have you seen/can you go).

Extraits

[...] II/ Le mécanisme du groupe verbal : temps et aspect 2 tenses present preterit Fait d'objectif 2 aspects perfectif : l'accompli progressif : l'inaccompli Subjectivité progressif : he was cleaning the house = action en train de s'accomplir He is always calling me at noon = exprime l'agacement du locuteur. Perfectif : les conséquences de l'action intéressent plus que l'action ) My husband has washed the car ( action accompli qui a des conséquences sur le présent. I have seen this film a hundred times already So I don't want to see it again. ( Someone has been looking through my papers. ) Voix Active ou passive : be + v-ed. [...]

[...] Au tps voulu ) He has worked He had worked He will have worked Dans l'expression had better” + infinitif You'd better tell him, hadn't you ? You'd better not tell him. Valeur pleine ( = verbe ordinaire ) Expression de la possession Valeur pleine Auxiliaire I have two brothers I have got two brothers I don't have any brothers I haven't got any brothers Do you have any brothers ? Have you got any brothers ? I have two brothers, don't you ? I've got two brothers, haven't you? Expression de l'obligation : “have Do you have to go ? [...]

[...] To have something done” : faire faire quelque chose à quelqu'un ( to have + nom/objet + participe passé ou to have somebody done) She had her hair cut He had his car cleaned How often do you have your hair cut ? They're having a house built. He had them invited They had him jailed To have somebody do something I had my assistant check the accounts. I had my husband dig away the snow. I made my son tidy up his room Idée de contrainte He made us laugh. = on en peut pas s'en empêcher To make onself + participe passé I can't make myself heard. He couldn't make himself understood. To have peut avoir le sens de . [...]

[...] ( car am not I un peu bizarre à l'oreille ) She hasn't got many friends, has she ? You have tea for breakfast, don't you ? Moi si, lui non, eux jamais, nous souvent Pronom sujet + ( adverbe ) + auxiliaire My wife likes to go to the cinema, but I don't She often goes to the swimming pool but her husband never does. Moi aussi, toi non plus . ( bien penser à mettre le sujet après ) So + auxiliaire + pronom sujet Neither + auxiliaire + pronom sujet You are hungry, and so am I. [...]

[...] penser, quelle est ton opinion : on ne met pas au progressif Penser réfléchir : on met au progressif You're not thinking of retiring are you ? [...]