Critically evaluate the process by which countries become industrialised

Résumé du document

1. Organisation
The American Tobacco company
The ford Motor Company

2. Marketing
The beginning of mass marketing in America
Mail order in the United Kingdom

3. Production
3D printing the new industrial revolution
Beyond mass production and the labour process in Japan

4. Strategy
Astor and the American fur company
The german chemical industry

5. Accounting
Management accounting in Dupont
Early Cost Accounting for internal Management control Lyman Mills in the 1850's

Extraits

[...] [4]Georges Blondel, l'Essor Industriel et Commercial du Peuple Allemand p.32. Original quote : « Bismarck n'avait pas manqué de se faire ministre du commerce et de déclarer qu'après les victoires militaires, il entendait bien donner à son pays les victoires économiques. Depuis 1870, le nouvel Empire s'est couvert d'usines, de fabriques, de manufactures de toute sorte ». [5]Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, Beyond Mass Production, The Japanese System and its Transfer to the US, New York : Oxford University Press complete analysis about the process of industrialisation in emerging countries can be found in Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée, 2011/3, Vol.18, article : Comment les pays émergents se sont-ils développés économiquement ? [...]

[...] Fordism is a process implying a series of procedures which consist in gradually indexing wages on the increase in productivity. Organising work in factories by clearly separating the conception and the realisation of an item, and introducing an assembly-line work enabled Henry Ford to transform his first car, the « Ford T » into a huge success. The division of work, along with the standardisation and the increase of wages thus explain why the car industry dramatically developped in America in the twentieth century. [...]

[...] As they can easily be transported, 3D printers, it will be possible to use them in areas deprived from industries. Moreover, the way a 3D printer operates is a lot easier to master, compared to huge manucfactures requiring many skilled employees in various fields. To top it all, as the possibilities for 3D printing range from the construction industry to the medical field but also the automobile area, it actually concerns almost every field in keeping with human activity, one can thus easily imagine how big the revolution will be as far as economic policies and management are concerned. [...]

[...] Whether the former colonized countries really managed their process of industrialisation or not is still a burning issue today as many countries are stilll struggling in their process of industrialization. If it seems undeniable that countries like South Korea successfully became industrialised, one must not forget that the country also got the help of the USA, which wanted to make sure that South Korea could provide its own defence against communism[6]. Considering that the economic world is constantly evolving along with new technologies and scientific progress, nothing is « frozen » and the countries which are today considered as fully industrialised still have to keep on struggling in order to keep up with the Joneses. [...]

[...] The development of the chemical industry was made possible thanks to many strategies the government established : first, it chose to build all its industries both close to a waterway and a railway network. The chemical industry can also be distinguished by its constant transformations, its absence of routine and its will to improve and create new products. In addition, the importation of raw chemical matters is proportional to the exportation of manufactured chemical products. Finally, the German chemical industry strongly benefited from an efficient organisation of its technical and vocational educational system. There are obviously similarities in the processes used by England, Germany and the USA to become industrialised. [...]