Le futur et le conditionnel en anglais

Thèmes abordés

Linguistique, grammaire, conjugaison, anglais, valeur modale, futur perfect, subordonnée, adjectif, conditionnel présent, participe passé, valeur fréquentative

Résumé du document

"Will" est une valeur modale qui exprime la volonté, ainsi pour sa forme affirmative : "We will have a big party for Susan's birthday", et pour sa forme négative : "I give him good advice but he won't listen to me". On peut par ailleurs l'utiliser pour faire une offre ou une proposition "Will you stop for a drink ?", ou encore une requête : "Will you help me ? Will you lend me your car ?"

"Shall" sert lui davantage à demander un avis ou des instructions : "Shall I write him to confirm ?" (voulez-vous?), ou encore pour soumettre une proposition aux autres personnes concernées : "Shall I get you a taxi ?"

Extraits

[...] J'aurais préféré passer . I'd rather have spent more time in England. I would have preferred him to spent more time . I'd rather he had spent more time c ) cas particulier Nouvelle / moment présent Verbes d'états to be said + infinitif présent The prime minister is said to be seriously ill. He is believed to be a spy ( on croit que c'est un espion ) Verbes d'actions He is said to be working for the russian. [...]

[...] Le conditionnel Valeurs modales Would et Should Le conditionnel le conditionnel présent ( Would + INFITIF SANS TO ) dans une principale dont la subordonnée If I had more time, I would listen to more music. If I were you, I wouldn't do that. Pour exprimer un souhait dans le présent They would like to leave before dark. Would you prefer to stay at home ? I would prefer to stay at home = I'd rather stay at home. I would prefer you to stay = I rather you stayed le conditionnel passé Dans une principale dans la subordonnée If they had followed my instructions, they wouldn't have got lost. [...]

[...] Will you have some more ? faire une requête Will you help me ? Will you lend me your car ? Close the door, will you ? Il a une valeur fréquentative caractère prévisible d'une action This crossroads is dangerous. Accidents will happen. ( il y aura forcément des accidents ) Nuance d'obstination He will burst into my office without knocking. ( il s'obstine ) Shall Pour demander un avis, des instructions Shall I write him to confirm ? ( voulez vous ? [...]

[...] Dans les subordonnées de but, avec They locked the dog in so that it shouldn't escape. He canceled the press conference so that nobody should ask him embarrassing questions. Après les verbes qui expriment une suggestion ou un ordre He suggested that working hours should be reduced. He agreed that trade unions should meet the management. Après certains adjectifs Ceux qui expriment l'urgence, après certaines expressions I can't see why he should say that is my fault I don't understand why he should have said . [...]

[...] Forme négative : refus It tried to show him he was wrong but he wouldn't listen to me. ( wouldn't = refus ) She wouldn't hear of it ( elle n'a rien voulu entendre ) formes de politesse If you would come with me, I'll show you around the factory. ( would de politesse ) requête Would you please remind me your name ? Would you be so kind as to hard out the leaflets for me please ? ( auriez- vous l'amabilité de . ? [...]