Phytopharmacognosy

Thèmes abordés

Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-Sambubiosides, Cyanidin-3-Rutinosides, Cyanidin-3-Sophorosides, Cyanidin-3-Galactosides

Résumé du document

Cyanidins are one of six anthocyanins, which are a class of flavonoid compounds. Cyanidins are not only found in their isolated forms, but can be found in various forms attached to different sugars, such as, Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-Sambubiosides, Cyanidin-3-Rutinosides, Cyanidin-3-Sophorosides, Cyanidin-3-Galactosides. Some of the fruits and vegetables in which cyanidin can be obtained are blackberries and bilberries, chokeberries, boysenberries, elderberries, purple vegetables (such as carrots and yams), black raspberries, Red cabbage (reddish-purple in nature) and Hibiscus sabdariffa extract; Basically, dark blue to purple colored plants.

The darker than normal color in blood oranges compared to normal oranges is due to cyanidin compounds. Cyanidins are extracted by hydrolysis from bilberries and other dark red/purple/ black fruits and vegetables. When extracted it releases hydrochloric acid and water. It is highly water soluble and easily degraded by hydrolysis and hydrogenation at temperatures greater than 40 degrees Celsius.

Extraits

[...] “Cyanidin” Examine.com. Examine.com Web November Isoda, Hiroka. “Improvement of Insulin resistance by Cyanidin Glucoside, anthocyanin from black beans through the up-regulation of GLUT4 gene expression.” BioMed Central (2011): 1-2. BMC Proceedings. Web November 2012. Galvano, Fabio. “Bioavailability, antioxidant and biological properties of the natural free-radical scavengers cyanidin and related glycosides.” Ann Ist Super Sanita (2007): 1-12. Bioavailability and properties of Cyanidin. Web November 2012. [...]

[...] Phytopharmacognosy Cyanidins are one of six anthocyanins, which are a class of flavonoid compounds. Cyanidins are not only found in their isolated forms, but can be found in various forms attached to different sugars, such as, Cyanidin-3- glucoside, Cyanidin-3-Sambubiosides, Cyanidin-3-Rutinosides, Cyanidin-3- Sophorosides, Cyanidin-3-Galactosides. Some of the fruits and vegetables in which cyanidin can be obtained are blackberries and bilberries, chokeberries, boysenberries, elderberries, purple vegetables (such as carrots and yams), black raspberries, Red cabbage (reddish-purple in nature) and Hibiscus sabdariffa extract; Basically, dark blue to purple colored plants. [...]

[...] The Cyanidin-3-glucoside that is found in black beans is beneficial for the improvement of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cyanidin- 3-glucoside and Cyanidin-3-Rutinosides have some amazing ocular effects. Matsumoto recorded the stimulatory effects that they have on the regeneration of rhodopsin. References Page Polyphenols Laboratories. “Cyanidin Chloride” Polyphenols Laboratories. Biolink Group. Web November 2012 . Luo, Jia. “Cyanidin Glucoside inhibits ethanol- induced invasion of breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2.” BioMed Central 9:285 (2010): Molecular Cancer. Web November 2012. Examine.com. [...]

[...] Cyanidins primarily exist as liver metabolites. Another study on examine.com showed that only of the parent compound was taken up into blood circulation. Oral supplements of cyanidins are not such a good choice because out of the 20% of cyanidins that is taken up by the intestine's epithelial wall only less than reaches the blood. Cyanidin in its glycoside form is widely studied because of its great medicinal value. Anthocyanins such as cyanidins are highly used for their medicinal value because of their unique chemical structure, as they are very reactive towards reactive oxygen species (ROS). [...]