Hungarian Secession Style: An Art nouveau interpretation - The example of the Applied Arts museum of Budapest

Résumé du document

In 1858, John Ruskin (1819-1900) wrote influential essays that prompted architects to be inspired by the nature teachings. Two others figures were a decisive influence on the creation of this new modern style. They are the "Comte de Laborde" (1807-1869) and Eugene Emmanuel Violet-le-Duc (1814-1879). This last one recommended the utility of the industry by saying that the industry supplies the iron which allows lot of things which were impossible before. He advocated also the unity of the decoration in the building: architecture, paintings, furniture etc.

But this new style appeared really with William Morris in England and Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928) in Scotland. Morris created a workshop of artists with who he wrote a manifesto to say that their goal was to produce works of applied art relatively cheap. They want to produce useful objects with artistic values. Then a lot of links appeared between Great-Britain, Belgium and France during the "Decoration fairs".

Extraits

[...] In Spain Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926) found also his examples from the nature but his style is really different. In Germany the movement is called Jugendstil and in Austria Secession (from the name of a group of artists created in 1897 by J. Olbrich, J. Hoffmann and the painter G. Klimt) In Austria one other architect followed this movement: Otto Wagner (1841- 1918). After a historicism period (with the project for the Soborsin church for example which reminds the Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome) he joined the Art nouveau doctrine. [...]

[...] Bibliography Books: - Dora WIEBENSON, Jozsef SISA, The Architecture of Historic Hungary, the MIT Press, Cambridge-Massachusetts-London - Stéphanie GIRARDEY, Le développement architectural de Budapest des origines jusqu'à la Première Guerre Mondiale ; les influences art nouveau d'Europe sur la capitale hongroise et ses variétés - Budapest in detail: Epitészeti részletek, Ed by Lörinczi Zsuzsa, Budapest - Budapest, Ed. Hachette, “guide Paris Web sites: - http://www.szecesszio.com For detailed pictures. - http://www.artnouveau-net.eu For pictures. - http://www.imm.hu Official site of the museum. Dora WIEBENSON, Jozsef SISA, The Architecture of Historic Hungary, p.226 Dora WIEBENSON, Jozsef SISA, The Architecture of Historic Hungary, p.226 Jószef Rippl-Rónai, Woman in red First art work of this Hungarian art style. Nyugati railway station Keleti railway station Grand Palais, Paris Built in the same years that the Applied Arts museum. [...]

[...] A community of artists at Gödölő had an important contribution in the expansion of the Art Nouveau movement in Hungary. In architecture Ödön Lechner (1845-1914) was the most influential for this movement. He studied in Berlin and started to work in 1867 in Hungary with Gyula Pártos (1845-1916). Until 1875 he developed his ideas for a Hungarian style. Then he left for three years to Paris where he worked at Clement Parent's studio. When he came back there is a French influence in his projects like in the Hungarian railway company building (in front of the opera). [...]

[...] III- Analysis of the Applied arts museum 1. Use of modern techniques revealed The idea of a national architecture was not expressed just in the ornamentation but also in the structure. Despite he worked in Europe he did not want to copy exactly the new existing systems but find a solution in which universal materializes through the national, and the national through the universal.”[2] Indeed the centralized structure and the big glass roof of the main hall were certainly inspired by some European examples. [...]

[...] Two others figures were a decisive influence on the creation of this new modern style. They are the “Comte de Laborde” (1807-1869) and Eugène Emmanuel Violet-le-Duc (1814-1879). This last one recommended the utility of the industry by saying that the industry supplies the iron which allows lot of things which were impossible before. He advocated also the unity of the decoration in the building: architecture, paintings, furniture . But this new style appeared really with William Morris in England and Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928) in Scotland. [...]