1783: France contained, France moving

Résumé du document

Each French is defined less by his individual identity as the body to which he belongs. The body, or orders, or communities, community groups are recognized by custom and by law, arranged in a hierarchy dictated by the prestige and service to society. These status distinctions are compounded by inequalities of wealth and distinction between the town and countryside. Catholicism is the state religion, two basic rules there-under. The king is the lieutenant of God on Earth. His subjects must conform to moral precepts dictated by the Church. Protestants and Jews have no recognized existence as parish registers are held in status. The parish is the fundamental unit of public life. Religious ceremonies punctuate the stages of life, the daily schedule and the succession of seasons.

Extraits

[...] The number of dependent multiplies, begging increases, like crime and robbery. The fear of disorder restless population and authorities. The combined state and law enforcement assistance to combat. The bodies, traditional regulators are vulnerable: conflicts between journeymen and masters, disputes in village communities. Linkages and dependencies all times continue to operate. To defend the community against the feudal grip The edicts provide one third of the commons must return the Lords: the right to "triage". It is seen by many as a robbery. [...]

[...] It is since 1740 a constant excess of expenditure over income. Times of peace have failed to rectify the situation, due to the failure of fiscal reform, the maintenance of privileges, and the cumbersome system of perception. The reorganization involves a thorough reform. A reappraisal of privileges would cause an outcry from most preferred. The state does not want a confrontation with the farmers general, nor an increase in salt tax, too unpopular. Calonne chooses to wait. Diversity and french unit The France in the world Hexagon and dust from distant lands France has about its contemporary borders, except for several principalities Alsace and Franche-Comté, Savoy and the county of Nice, and in the Papal Avignon. [...]

[...] Before: rich on the ground floor, poor top. Curiosity and critical thinking The curiosity for scientific research extends logically faith in reason and progress. August 27, 1783: the balloon of the Montgolfier brothers flew the Champ de Mars before a large audience. The state in question monarchical Undivided power or arbitrary? Parliaments have a role of appellate courts and register the royal edicts. Recurring debate: just a rubber stamp or an opportunity to discuss the edicts? The sacred king: scope and limitations The anointing gives the king a role of mediator between God and his people. [...]

[...] Higher prices This population growth has increased demand. The price increase is also favored by the increased inflow of gold and silver from America, and the more massive'usage commercial paper that inflate the amounts of money in circulation. Economic development contrasted Economic activities: large and small bursts not Foreign trade and colonial trade show a dramatic increase: it is a matter of private initiative whose success contrasts with the degeneration of the royal companies. There has been a remarkable growth of cotton and painted canvases. [...]

[...] Cambridge University Press ISBN-13: 9780521879286 Why No Industrial Revolution in Ancient Greece? J. Bradford DeLong, Professor of Economics, University of California at Berkeley September 2002. Retrieved January 2007. The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England The History Guide, Steven Kreis October 2006 Accessed January 2007 Jackson J. Spielvogel (2009). "Western Civilization: Since 1500". p.607. [...]