Desegregation and civil rights movements in the USA

Résumé du document

Although the Civil War had abolished slavery, the black people still suffered from racial discrimination, particularly in the Southern states. Not only did they often feel discriminated against, but were continually looked down upon by their white counterparts in many genres like education, at work places or even on public modes of transport! They were also prohibited to freely exercise their right to vote that was granted to all the citizens in the 15th Amendment of the Constitution. However owing to the constantly evolving minds, they rapidly claimed for desegregation after the World War II. Though initially based on non-violence, civil right movements rapidly turned into uncontrollable riots and murders. Before discussing the consequences of the civil right movements it is quintessential to describe the birth of these civil right movements. We also need to broach upon the peaceful measures that were undertaken to combat the effects of racial discrimination. And finally, we need to talk about the radicalization of the movements, which fortunately, did not hinder desegregation.

Extraits

[...] First based on non-violence, civil right movements had rapidly turned into riots or murders for instance. Actually, on the one hand, we will try to describe the birth of these civil right movements; on the second hand, we will talk about the first peaceful measures against racial discrimination. And finally, we will deal with the radicalisation of the movements, which fortunately did not hinder desegregation. I. The premises of desegregation 1. A brief recall of racial segregation in the United States After a violent war between Southern and Northern states in the 18th century, Black people finally won their freedoom: slavery was definitivly abolished, they obtained the right to vote. [...]

[...] Ideed, a great part of them went to the North in order to work in industries of armement. Because of that, they grew aware of the racial segregation they had to suffer, most economical in the North, most institutional in the South. In 1944, with the judgement Smith V Allwright, the NAACP 1 (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) succeeded in persuading the Supreme Court to cancel the pratice of Southern States, which forbade Black people to take part in primaries. [...]

[...] Today, although school discrimination does not exist anymore, Black people have still to fight against racial discrimination : for instance, in 1991, in Los Angeles, a black man was hit by policemen. Besides, those problems do not concern only black minorities: with the drop in latino immigration, phenomenons of violence still occur. Bibliography Books - JEANNOT Claude & REGAD-PELLAGRU Jean-Pierre. Les Etats-Unis en fiches Paris. Edition Bréal, juillet 2000. - ROBEL Lauren & ZOLLER Elisabeth. Les états des noirs: fédéralisme et question raciale aux Etats-Unis. Paris : Edition Puf, collection Béhémoth Encyclopaedia - Encyclopédie 360. Tomes 6 et 11. [...]

[...] Edition Rombaldi - Encyclopédie Encarta Web sites - . December 12th - . December 12th - . December 12th - . [...]

[...] Besides, Eisenhower was not a fervent defendant of civil rights, and Southern states were powerful in the Congress The NAACP was founded in 1910 in the Northern States, in order to develop and encourage racial integration as the only way to fight againt racial discrimination suffering by Black people, in their daily life like in their professional life. In one word this association constitutes an attack of arpartheid by political and judicial action. II. The first peaceful measures against desegregation 1. Montgomery's buses The judgement Brown had a big impact on Black minorities. Indeed, it encouraged them to launch a campain to get desegregation in every public place. In December 1955, Martin Luther King, a Black pastor, became the head of a boycott movement of the buses in Montgomery, which lasted 381 days. [...]