International Economics : Japan

Résumé du document

The table of contents : 'The general situation in Japan', ' Japan's reconstruction and development', 'Japanese companies', 'the economic crisis in Japan', and the area of its populated land. The population of Japan is 127 millionand its land area is 377 829 ( sq.km). Japan has only 4% pasture and grassland. 127 million Japanese are crammed into just one-fifth of its land area and more than 40% of the Japanese coastline is artificial. The market value of Japan's total land area is double than that of the United states, a country twenty-five times larger. Japan is deficient in resources of oil, ores, timber, meat and grain.

Extraits

[...] - The people of more 65 years old accounts of the total population Huge government debt shadows consumer's motivation The people of more 65 years old accounts of the total population Competitive power is falling behind the ranks High lever of wage, high cost of goods manufactured Plaza Agreement reduces the competitive power of export Big bank group are in trouble that the companies lost their solid financial support Non-performing loans: On March 31 2002: 52442billion JPY of the GDP (1USD=124,050JPY, 10/12/2002) The model of business management still paused in the big industry time The policy-making process is too long Strict hierarchical system limits the enterprise staff's enthusiasm and the creativity, hinders information's communication Backwardness for the industrial structure's adjustment After entering in the rank of the After 70's enter the developed country, government has not paid attention to change the core economy form the manufacturing industry to the tertiary industry The domestic manufacturing industry as well as the circulation and so on domestic service industry, its labor productivity is only USA's 63% Massive excess of capital is not put into technical innovation and the industrial innovation, but to the real estate and the stock market In the high-tech domain and the technical intensive product aspect, Japan is less power than USA; in the traditional industry and the labor-intensive aspect Japan is losing the advantage against China and the new industrial countries. [...]

[...] One famous example: The famous Matushita group ran into a problem. The solution prepared by the different management staff was " to halve production, and halve the work force". Looking at the proposal, Mr. Matushita gave his order : The production could be reduced by half, but no workers could be dismissed. [...]

[...] Japan Output of investment 1 Raising of prices of stock 2 Share of market 3 Improvement of activity areas 4 Rationalization of production and distribution5 Increase in the ratio of own capital 6 Introduction of new products 7 Improvement of company image 8 Improvement of working conditions 9 1982, Economic planning Agency, Japanese Government 3.3 Lifetime employment and payment-by-seniority The social aspect They copied the feudal system that had existed in Japan for centuries so that for example, leaving a company for a better salary with a rival company would be considered as treason. Loyalty to the company was expected of each employee. [...]

[...] highly conformist and nationalistic atmosphere of pre-war Japan aided the process. '' the years of reconstruction, employers were again successful in cementing the ties between worker and enterprise. Company uniforms, oaths and anthems were introduced in order to promote company spirit.” The advantages for company: -to secure a stable supply of skilled workers and motivated managers -to take a long-term strategic attitude. -To secure the group spirit Foe example, Toyota has not experienced a strike since 1953 which gives it a tremendous advantage over foreign auto makers. [...]

[...] The Bubble Economy: Japan's Extraordinary Speculative Boom of the '80's and the Dramatic Bust of the '90's International background: In the early 1980s The Reagan administration: High budget deficits; high interest rates The United States was then an attractive place to invest The value of the dollar had been driven to very high levels strong dollar made foreign goods and assets cheaper, but it also made it very difficult for U.S. producers to export” Plaza Accord:. In late September of 1985 Plaza Hotel in New York City The Group of Five, or G-5 nations( the United States, France, Japan, Great Britain, and West Germany) The initiative of U.S. Treasury Secretary James Baker. [...]