Démographie et migrations en Afrique subsaharienne

Thèmes abordés

Migrations, transition démographique, Afrique subsaharienne, pressions démographiques, émigration clandestine

Résumé du document

Augmentation des migrations vers pays de L'OCDE dans les années 1990.
Nombreux facteurs qui entrent en compte : démographiques, géographiques, politiques, économiques, historique, ou encore linguistiques,…
L'Afrique subsaharienne connait un taux d'émigration moins fort que celui des autres PED.
Mais nombre d'émigrés important.

Extraits

[...] < number > < number > II/ Les contraintes aux migrations en Afrique subsaharienne Coût humain L'Afrique subsaharienne est « coupée » des PDEM Frontières naturelles quasiment infranchissables (l'océan le plus grand désert du monde) Périple long et extrêmement risqué bateau géopodésert géopo < number > < number > II/ Les contraintes aux migrations en Afrique subsaharienne L'exode rural Qu'es-ce-que l'exode rural dans les PED? En Afrique subsaharienne: peu d'habitants dans les campagnes Il y a donc peu de « chômage agricole ». Bien que cet exode rurale existe il reste très modeste. [...]

[...] L'émigration. < number > téléchargement (1)perspectives géopolitiques\Afrique carte.gif < number > Introduction: L'évolution des migrations originaires des pays en développement Augmentation des migrations vers pays de L'OCDE dans les années 1990. Nombreux facteurs qui entrent en compte : démographiques, géographiques, politiques, économiques, historique, ou encore linguistiques, L'Afrique subsaharienne connait un taux d'émigration moins fort que celui des autres PED Mais nombre d'émigrés important < number > < number > < number > PLAN: L'importance de la démographie dans les migrations La transition démographique en Afrique subsaharienne Le profil de l'émigré II/ Les contraintes aux migrations en Afrique subsaharienne Coût financier Coût humain L'exode rural III/ Les différentes formes de migration en Afrique subsaharienne face aux pressions démographiques Emigration vers des pays de limitrophes Emigration clandestine et légale vers les pays de l'OCDE < number > < number > L'importance de la démographie dans les migrations La transition démographique en Afrique subsaharienne Une transition démographique toujours pas achevée < number > < number > L'importance de la démographie dans les migrations La transition démographique en Afrique subsaharienne Accroissement naturel de la population: entre 1990 et 2000 La population subsaharienne est désormais une population jeune et nombreuse Marché du travail saturé < number > < number > L'importance de la démographie dans les migrations Le profil de l'émigré Une population de plus en plus jeune: pas d'attache particulière au début de leur vie professionnelle Généralement des hommes < number > < number > II/ Les contraintes aux migrations en Afrique subsaharienne Coût financier 43 des 48 pays ont un PIB par habitant inferieur a 200 dollars par an, soit quasiment 200 fois moins que celui des Etats Unis Il faut avoir les moyens financiers d'émigrer Coût de passage correspondant à 10 fois le salaire annuel moyen et un résultat qui n'est pas assuré Le nombre de prétendants reste très faible. [...]

[...] . http://www.savoirs.essonne.fr/fileadmin/bds/MEDIA/les_hommes/sociologie/migrations_internationales/migrations_internationales3.jpg Démographie et migrations en Afrique subsaharienne 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< number > Introduction Tout d'abord quelques définitions utiles à la compréhension du sujet : La démographie. La migration. [...]

[...] < number > < number > III/ Les différentes formes de migration en Afrique subsaharienne face aux pressions démographiques Emigration vers des pays limitrophes Emigrer représente un coût important C'est pourquoi certains individus préfèrent émigrer vers des pays frontaliers car cela est moins onéreux Modes de vie similaires, ce qui peut rendre plus facile l'adaptation Certaines limites < number > téléchargement < number > III/ Les différentes formes de migration en Afrique subsaharienne face aux pressions démographiques Emigration clandestine et légale vers les pays de l'OCDE L'émigration clandestine ou l'émigration légale Les pays de l'OCDE limitent généralement l'entrée sur leur territoire L'émigration illégale plus importante Migrations principalement vers le continent européen Raisons historiques (anciennes colonies) Raisons financières (territoire plus proche) < number > < number > Conclusion L'Afrique Subsaharienne accuse un retard colossal sur le plan démographique Blocage de la transition démographique Coût colossal de l'émigration Le taux de migration de l'Afrique subsaharienne reste donc très Le faible nombre d'émigrés qui arrivent à leur fin renvoient tout ou une partie de leur salaire à leur famille et contribuent donc a l'enrichissement de leur pays et financent ainsi les émigrations de demain < number > sida géopo < number > BIBLIOGRAPHIE « Démographie et migrations des pays en développement vers les pays riches : les spécificités de l'Afrique subsaharienne ». [...]