Locke : Second treatise on civil government (1690)

Résumé du document

Locke : Second treatise on civil government (1690)
Points abordés :
Protestantism and wars in Europe
Political practice and philosophy in England (The Civil War / Hobbes and the Civil War : Leviathan, 1651)
The Glorious Revolution of 1689
Bill of Rights, 1689
LOCKE - BIOGRAPHY
LOCKE and the Glorious Revolution
LOCKE vs HOBBES
LOCKE'S LEGACY

Extraits

[...] Chapter IX: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government The main dispute that Locke has, is why men who are free and equal in a state of nature would desire to be governed by an authority. In a state of nature, you can never be sure about other people, and never be sure about your own property. The reason is that in a state of nature, the respect of every human's lives is not that evident, lives might be threatened and the predominance of the self-interest might harm the common interest. [...]

[...] A first Protestant uprising is crushed oo 1687 : James II suspends laws against Catholicism oo 1688 : Has son who is baptized Catholic. Protestants invite William (Holland) and Mary to become joint sovereigns oo 1689 : Bill of Rights; strengthening powers of parliament versus King is signed : called the Glorious Revolution Bill of Rights oo Rights of Parliament against King oo http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/england.asp (Voir à la fin) LOCKE - BIOGRAPHY oo Born in 1632; medical studies oo Joins the circle of Lord Ashley, an opponent of Charles II oo As a result, forced sojourns in France and Holland oo Returns to England on the occasion of the expulsion of James II : The Glorious Revolution of 1689 Publication of : Two Treatises on Government, A Letter concerning Toleration oo Also a theory of knowledge : An Essay concerning Human Understanding oo Dies in 1704 LOCKE and the Glorious Revolution oo Hobbes's concern : Protect individuals from each other oo Locke's concern : Protect individuals from absolutist political power Two Treatises on Government : oo The First : against Robert Filmer, Patriarchia, the divine right of kings oo The Second : a social contract is made to create a state which will protect the two fundamental natural rights of individuals, liberty and property. [...]

[...] By joining a governed state, men give up their equality, freedom and executive power by letting them to the government which is supposed to protect them. In this manner, authorities in a governed state must equally and fairly follow the established rules, must use force abroad to maintain the community, all of that in a goal of maintaining peace, safety and public good. Chapter XIX: Of the Dissolution of Government When a society is weakened and then dissolute, the same applies to the government. [...]

[...] And be it further declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid, that from and after this present session of Parliament no dispensation by _non obstante_ of or to any statute or any part thereof shall be allowed, but that the same shall be held void and of no effect, except a dispensation be allowed of in such statute, and except in such cases as shall be specially provided for by one or more bill or bills to be passed during this present session of Parliament. III. Provided that no charter or grant or pardon granted before the three and twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-nine shall be any ways impeached or invalidated by this Act, but that the same shall be and remain of the same force and effect in law and no other than as if this Act had never been made. [...]

[...] In a state of nature, without laws, a state of war ends only with a death or a call for peace or reparations. Even in a society with laws and judges, a state of war can exist if these lasts are perverted. Chapter Of Property When a man takes something off from the nature via his tough labour, then it is no longer the public property of all united men but belongs to this man exclusively. [...]