American Management and Leadership

Résumé du document

The regulations for food irradiation are organized by several Federal agencies: The U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the primary regulatory agency involved with food irradiation. It sets criteria for the safe use of irradiation on all foods. FDA involvement is mandated by the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act which specifically defines sources of irradiation as food additives. The USDA agency (U.S Department of Agriculture) regulates the use of irradiation on specific foods. The APHIS (animal and Plant Health Inspection Services) regulates irradiation used as a quarantine treatment for fresh products coming into the United States from other countries to prevent the establishment of exotic pests that could harm U.S agriculture. Finally, the FSIS (Food Safety and Inspection Services) regulates the implementation of the process for meat and poultry to ensure that those foods remain safe.

Extraits

[...] That makes the difference between to be constructive and criticism. A leader is convinced that there is a better way to do things and enjoy taking the challenge to find how it could be better. Another characteristic: a leader will always have the ability to know what could be realized or not: a leader has practical ideas and always confronts his ideas to them. This is his mean to tell people if this or that project have chance to become true. [...]

[...] The culture is more flexible, people are more “easy going”, and a wide range of behaviours is acceptable. In the United States, where uncertainty avoidance is weak, individuals have strong feelings of personal competency, and entrepreneurial behaviour is common and highly valued. Masculinity versus Femininity In a masculine society, the values –including success, money, assertiveness, and competition- are dominant. There are often significant differences between men and women roles. The “masculine” label indicates that these tough values are almost universally associated with men's roles. [...]

[...] Knowing the basic assumptions of a culture provides an understanding of the principles on which the other levels rests. d. Hofstede's Dimensions of cultural values HOFSTEDE (1980-2001), a Dutch social psychologist has given a tool to understand cultural values. Individualism/collectivism The first value that could differ from a culture to another one is the conception of individualism/collectivism. That means that a person from a collectivist culture would face difficulties in front of a leader from an individual culture. These values are quite different. [...]

[...] This reveals a strong confidence between the leader and his employees. This kind of leadership is possible only when the employees have the competency and the analytical skills to take good decision at the right time. A good leader will use these three different styles of leadership and will know which style to use at the right time depending on a given situation. Once defining the qualities of a good leader and the possibilities of leadership style, we will explain what the French's leadership style is and how it could be understood thanks to the specificity of the French culture. [...]

[...] Although the manifest level is easily accessible, it provides only a partial understanding of a particular culture. Observing the manifest culture doesn't necessarily reveal the leaning of a culture, but it could provide some important insights. A deeper meaning of a culture develops from peeling away the outer layers of the onions or looking below the tip of the iceberg. The expresses value level represents how people in the culture express the manifest level. In other worlds, this is the culture's own explanation of itself. [...]